籬廬 magaliaComposition family散文写作家族Compare grammar比较语法

Choose a word. Read its possibilities.选择一个词,读懂它的可能性。

Look up a Latin or Greek word, or search English and Chinese meanings. Follow the dictionary headword, then use the sentence to decide which form and meaning fit.查询拉丁语或希腊语词语,或搜索英文及中文释义。先找到词典词条,再结合句子判断合适的词形及意义。

Word desk词语工作台

Latin macrons are optional for lookup, so distinct forms may coincide. Keep Greek accents and breathings; similar spellings require you to choose a headword.拉丁语查询不区分长音符号,因此不同词形可能相遇。希腊语请保留重音及气息符号;相近拼写须自行选择词条。

Try an ambiguity试读歧义

Meaning, then form先读词义,再看词形

Begin with a short bilingual meaning, then expand selected Lewis & Short or LSJ entries to compare senses and constructions. Composition notes connect those choices to a lesson and its grammar references. Selected form help offers possibilities; the sentence still needs your judgment.先读简短双语释义,再展开选定的 Lewis & Short 或 LSJ 词条,比较义项及搭配。写作提示把这些选择接到教程和语法参考。词形帮助提供可能性,句子仍须由你判断。

You can also turn on word help in any tutorial or ancient passage. Selected-word lookup in a draft leaves your writing unchanged.也可在教程或古代段落中启用词语帮助。在草稿中查询选中的词,不会改变你的写作。

Use it in a lesson在教程中使用 · Read ancient prose阅读古代散文

Build with useful sources以有用文献继续建设

Dictionaries explain meanings; texts show choices in context; annotated corpora can support comparisons. Each source below has a different role and reuse boundary.词典解释意义,原文展示语境中的选择,标注语料可支持比较。下列文献各有用途及复用边界。

Included here已收入

DCC Latin Core Vocabulary

Core meanings in English and Chinese; meaning search and word help.英文及中文核心释义;释义搜索与词语帮助。

Use and source details用途及文献说明

997 English entries; 967 safely aligned Chinese glosses. General frequency ranks, not Cicero-specific counts.997条英文词条;967条安全对应的中文释义。频率排序来自通用词表,并非西塞罗专属统计。

HTML / CSV

CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported

DCC Greek Core Vocabulary

Core meanings, accented headwords and principal parts.核心释义、带重音词条及动词主要形式。

Use and source details用途及文献说明

524 English entries; 509 safely aligned Chinese glosses. Source fields are retained; grammatical classifications are not independently reviewed.524条英文词条;509条安全对应的中文释义。保留文献字段,词性分类未获独立审阅。

HTML / CSV

CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported

Selected dictionary entries选定的词典词条

Perseus Lewis & Short

Full dictionary senses, constructions and cited passages.完整词义、结构及所引原文。

Use and source details用途及文献说明

100 selected entries are included with their original entry XML, structured senses, printed citations and source credits. This is a bounded pilot, not a complete dictionary or automatic contextual analysis.收入100条选定词条,保留原始词条 XML、义项、印出的引文及文献署名。此为有限试建,并非完整词典或自动语境分析。

TEI XML

CC BY-SA 4.0

LSJLogeion · Helma Dik / Chicago

A Unicode LSJ pilot with fuller meanings and contextual evidence.以Unicode LSJ试建更完整的释义与语境依据。

Use and source details用途及文献说明

100 selected entries are included with their original entry XML, structured senses, printed citations and source credits. This is a bounded pilot, not a complete dictionary or automatic contextual analysis.收入100条选定词条,保留原始词条 XML、义项、印出的引文及文献署名。此为有限试建,并非完整词典或自动语境分析。

Unicode XML

CC BY-SA 4.0

Used in the existing lessons现有教程已使用

Perseus canonical Latin texts

Source-bound Cicero and Caesar examples for imitation and revision.有原文依据的西塞罗及凯撒用例,供仿写与修订。

Use and source details用途及文献说明

Existing composition selections remain tied to their exact edition/locus and original translations. No additional ancient text imported in this sequence.现有选文保持具体版本及出处,与自行编写的译文相连。本次未增加古代原文。

CTS / TEI XML

Repository default CC BY-SA 4.0; file-level checks required

Perseus canonical Greek texts

Source-bound Xenophon and Plato examples with exact phrase links.有原文依据的色诺芬及柏拉图用例,连接具体语句。

Use and source details用途及文献说明

Repository warns that some headers need checking. Retain editorial and textual boundaries; do not substitute another translation.项目提醒部分文件头仍需核对。保留编辑及文本边界,不能替换为未核对的其他译文。

CTS / TEI XML

Repository default CC BY-SA 4.0; file-level checks required

Next import candidates下一步导入候选

Perseus LSJ

Dictionary sense trees and attested quotation links.词义层次及实际引文链接。

Use and source details用途及文献说明

Split files use Beta Code; conversion and known markup inconsistencies need tests. Not imported here.分卷文件使用Beta Code;转换及已知标记不一致需要测试。本次未导入。

TEI XML / Beta Code

CC BY-SA 4.0

LiLa Lemma Bank

Stable lemma identifiers, spelling variants and word-formation relations.稳定词条标识、拼写变体及构词关系。

Use and source details用途及文献说明

A linking backbone, not a sentence parser or synonym recommendation by itself. No automatic cross-resource joins in this build.它提供资源关联基础,本身不是句子解析器或近义词推荐器。本次未自动连接不同资源。

SQL / RDF Turtle

CC BY-SA 4.0

Further checks needed仍须核对

Latin Vallex 2.0

Verb-complement and semantic-role tutorials.动词补足语及语义角色教程。

Use and source details用途及文献说明

Frames are sense-based and described as intuition-based, not token-in-context annotations. The inspected README gives no precise data licence; no import.框架按词义建立,项目称其基于语言直觉,并非特定语境中的词元标注。所查README未列明确数据许可;暂不导入。

TSV / RDF Turtle

Precise dataset licence unresolved

Perseus Morpheus

Broader local candidate generation for inflected forms.为屈折词形生成范围更广的本地候选。

Use and source details用途及文献说明

Audit components, compile locally and validate ambiguous/unknown forms before integrating. Not run or installed in this sequence.须核对各组件、本地编译并测试歧义与未知词形后才能整合。本次未执行或安装。

C code / stem libraries

Repository default CC BY-SA 3.0 US; component overrides possible

UD Latin Perseus

Compare attested dependency structures and grammatical choices.比较实际依存结构及语法选择。

Use and source details用途及文献说明

Noncommercial restriction; automatically converted from AGDT. Match exact edition/token IDs and keep conversion history. No data import.含非商业限制;由AGDT自动转换。须匹配具体版本及词元标识,并保留转换记录。本次不导入数据。

CoNLL-U

CC BY-NC-SA 2.5

UD Ancient Greek Perseus

Attested grammatical comparisons with prose/verse genre filters.结合散文及诗歌文体筛选,比较实际语法用例。

Use and source details用途及文献说明

Noncommercial restriction; genres include epic and drama as well as prose. Do not transfer annotations to another passage by resemblance. No import.含非商业限制;兼收史诗、戏剧及散文。不能按文字相似将标注转移到另一段原文。本次未导入。

CoNLL-U

CC BY-NC-SA 2.5

External reading services外部阅读服务

Alpheios reading aids

Dictionary, morphology, inflection and grammar interfaces to study.可参考词典、词形、屈折及语法界面。

Use and source details用途及文献说明

API terms permit rate limits, monitoring and changes. A code licence does not license all API data. No script/CDN/service enabled and no draft transmission.API条款包含流量限制、监控及服务变更。代码许可不能代替API数据许可。本次未启用外部脚本、CDN或服务,也未传送草稿。

JavaScript / remote APIs

Embed code ISC; service terms separate

Grammar references语法参考

DCC Allen & Greenough grammar

Declension/conjugation references for the authored form pilot.为新编词形候选提供变格及变位参考。

Use and source details用途及文献说明

Links support inflection patterns; the 39 candidate records are authored, selected and not independently reviewed. They are not DCC parsing output.链接支持屈折规律;39条词形记录为选定的新编候选,未获独立审阅,并非DCC解析输出。

HTML / XML / paradigm charts

No full grammar import in this sequence

Reuse the word data复用词语数据

Download the same local lookup data for a reader or teaching tool. Entry IDs, original source links, licences, unresolved glosses and possible form analyses travel together. No learner writing is included.可下载同一份本地查询数据,供阅读器或教学工具使用。词条标识、原始链接、许可、待解释义及可能词形分析一并保留;其中不含学习者写作。

Credits and changes署名及修改说明

Christopher Francese and the DCC core vocabulary team; Chinese translations: editorial board of Dickinson Classics Online.

Dickinson College Commentaries Core Vocabulary · CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported

Table whitespace is normalized and lookup indexes are added. Chinese pairs with missing or conflicting source fields are withheld; no missing translation is generated. Source frequency ranks describe the DCC list. The selected form analyses are authored drafts and await independent review.规范表格空白并加入查询索引。文献字段缺失或冲突的中文对应项暂不使用,不自动生成缺失译文。频率排序描述DCC词表。选定的词形分析为新编草案,等待独立审阅。