Classical Latin prose, principally Cicero and Caesar; classical Attic Greek prose, principally Xenophon, Plato and the orators. Other authors and genres are labelled comparisons.古典拉丁散文主要以西塞罗和凯撒为对象；古典阿提卡希腊散文主要以色诺芬、柏拉图及演说家为对象。其他作者及文体标为比较材料。
The paired tutorials introduce parts of several domains. Comprehensive coverage requires the remaining chapter sequences, contextual examples, and independent review.这些双语教程只介绍若干领域的一部分。完整覆盖仍需建设后续章节序列、语境用例及独立审阅。
Inflection; principal parts; agreement; vowel length; polytonic accent; enclitics; punctuation.屈折、主要形式、一致关系、元音长短、多调重音、后附词、标点。
Produce and explain forms before solving a composition problem.先准确生成并解释词形，再解决写作问题。
Introductory examples:入门示例： 01, 02
The rest of this topic is planned.该主题其余部分仍待建设。Verb arguments; transitive/intransitive patterns; omitted subjects; impersonal constructions; predicate complements.动词论元、及物及不及物结构、主语省略、无人称结构、表语。
Choose a verb and the participants it permits.选择动词并确定其允许的参与者结构。
Introductory examples:入门示例： 01, 07
The rest of this topic is planned.该主题其余部分仍待建设。All case functions; possession; partitive and objective genitives; instrument, agent, cause, location; governed prepositions.全部格功能、所属及部分和对象属格、工具、施事、原因、地点、介词支配。
Explain the relation expressed by each case instead of substituting an English preposition mechanically.说明每个格所表达的关系，避免机械替换英语介词。
Introductory examples:入门示例： 02, 07
The rest of this topic is planned.该主题其余部分仍待建设。Greek article; adjectives; quantifiers; pronouns; reflexives; definiteness and specificity; antecedents and anaphora.希腊冠词、形容词、量词、代词、反身词、定指与特指、先行词与回指。
Maintain clear reference across a paragraph.在整段文字中维持清楚的指称关系。
Introductory examples:入门示例： 02, 03
The rest of this topic is planned.该主题其余部分仍待建设。Latin perfect/imperfect and relative time; Greek aorist/present/perfect aspect; historical present; anteriority and sequence.拉丁完成时与未完成时及相对时间；希腊不定过去时、现在时和完成时的体貌；历史现在时、先时性与时态顺序。
Distinguish an event’s time from how the writer presents its course.区分事件的时间与作者呈现其过程的方式。
Introductory examples:入门示例： 05, 06, 08, 10, 12
The rest of this topic is planned.该主题其余部分仍待建设。Agent/patient choice; Greek middle; Latin deponents; participial voice; agency in passive clauses.施事与受事选择、希腊中动、拉丁异相动词、分词语态、被动句中的施事。
Change viewpoint while preserving who performs and undergoes the action.转换视角时保留行动的施事与受事。
Introductory examples:入门示例： 05, 07
The rest of this topic is planned.该主题其余部分仍待建设。Indicative, subjunctive, optative, imperative; possibility, obligation, deliberation; prohibitions; potential expressions.直陈式、虚拟式、愿望式、命令式；可能、义务、商议、禁止、潜在表达。
Match grammatical mood to a particular communicative purpose.让语法语气对应具体交际目的。
Introductory examples:入门示例： 09, 11, 12
The rest of this topic is planned.该主题其余部分仍待建设。Complementary/reporting infinitives; absolute and agreeing participles; gerund/gerundive; Greek articular infinitive and verbal adjectives.补足及转述不定式、独立及一致分词、动名词与动形词、希腊冠词不定式和动词性形容词。
Select a nonfinite construction without losing its participants or time relations.选择非限定结构时保留参与者及时间关系。
Introductory examples:入门示例： 05, 06
The rest of this topic is planned.该主题其余部分仍待建设。Positive/negative purpose; result versus intended goal; commands; fearing; prevention; alternatives constrained by the governing verb.肯定及否定目的、结果与意图的区别、命令、恐惧、阻止、受支配动词约束的替代结构。
Distinguish what is intended, reported, requested, or actually happens.区分意图、报告、请求与实际发生的事。
Introductory examples:入门示例： 04
The rest of this topic is planned.该主题其余部分仍待建设。Identifying and characterizing relatives; attraction; connective relatives; degrees; comparative and manner clauses.识别及特征性关系从句、吸引现象、连接性关系词、程度、比较和方式从句。
Control the relative’s role and the relation between the clauses.准确处理关系代词角色及从句之间的关系。
Introductory examples:入门示例： 03, 11, 12, 13
The rest of this topic is planned.该主题其余部分仍待建设。Temporal clauses; causal attribution; concession; open/remote/counterfactual conditions; participial alternatives.时间从句、原因归属、让步、开放及潜在和反事实条件、分词替代结构。
Keep factual assertion separate from hypothesis and another speaker’s explanation.把事实断言与假设及他人的解释区分开。
Introductory examples:入门示例： 05, 10, 13
The rest of this topic is planned.该主题其余部分仍待建设。Statements, commands, questions; infinitive time; pronouns; subordinate moods; Greek optative of indirect discourse; extended speech.陈述、命令、问题、不定式时间、代词、从属语气、希腊间接引语愿望式、长篇转述。
Report a speaker’s content and perspective consistently over several clauses.跨多个从句一致地转述说话者的内容与视角。
Introductory examples:入门示例： 06, 10, 11, 13
The rest of this topic is planned.该主题其余部分仍待建设。nōn/nē and οὐ/μή; negative coordination; indefinites; quantifier scope; direct/indirect and rhetorical questions.nōn/nē 与 οὐ/μή、否定并列、不定词、量词辖域、直接及间接疑问与反问。
Explain exactly what is negated or questioned.准确说明什么被否定或被询问。
Introductory examples:入门示例： 09, 11, 12
The rest of this topic is planned.该主题其余部分仍待建设。Polysemy; sense selection; argument selection; idioms; lexical register; culturally specific terms; dictionary citation.多义、义项选择、论元选择、习语、词汇语域、文化特定词汇、词典引用。
Justify word choice with attested use in the intended genre.以目标文体中的实际用例解释词语选择。
Planned sequence待建设序列Topic and focus; given/new information; emphasis; hyperbaton; discontinuity; referent accessibility.话题与焦点、已知与新信息、强调、倒装与不连续成分、指称对象的可及性。
Revise order for an explicitly described context and compare plausible alternatives.根据明确语境调整语序并比较合理的替代方案。
Introductory examples:入门示例： 11
The rest of this topic is planned.该主题其余部分仍待建设。Latin connectives; Greek particles and combinations; explanation and contrast; topic shifts; sentence linkage.拉丁连接词、希腊小品词及组合、解释与对比、话题转换、句际衔接。
Explain why consecutive sentences form a coherent argument or story.解释相邻句子如何形成连贯的论证或叙述。
Introductory examples:入门示例： 10
The rest of this topic is planned.该主题其余部分仍待建设。Speaker stance; inference; speech acts; politeness; audience; dialogue versus narrative; limits of recovering spoken contexts.说话者立场、推论、言语行为、礼貌、受众、对话与叙述、恢复口语语境的限度。
Compose an utterance suitable for specified speakers, audience, and setting.为指定说话者、受众与情境写出恰当表达。
Introductory examples:入门示例： 09, 11
The rest of this topic is planned.该主题其余部分仍待建设。Summary; expansion and compression; narration; description; comparison; letters; dialogue; controlled imitation; paragraph revision.摘要、扩写与压缩、叙事、描写、比较、书信、对话、受约束的仿写、段落修订。
Revise a paragraph for content, reference, time, and reader guidance.从内容、指称、时间及读者引导方面修订段落。
Introductory examples:入门示例： 10
The rest of this topic is planned.该主题其余部分仍待建设。Period structure; balance; figures with communicative function; fable, chreia, encomium, refutation; persuasion and ethical context.圆周句、平衡结构、具交际功能的修辞格、寓言、轶事、赞颂、反驳、说服与伦理语境。
Write and explain an argument with a declared rhetorical purpose.写出论证并解释其明确的修辞目的。
Planned sequence待建设序列Prose versus poetic diction/syntax; genre constraints; clause endings and clausulae; metre as a separate extension.散文与诗歌词语及句法差异、文体限制、句尾与句尾节奏、作为独立扩展的格律。
Identify a poetic licence and explain whether it suits the chosen prose target.识别诗歌中的特殊用法并解释其是否适合所选散文目标。
Planned sequence待建设序列Edition and locus; quote versus authored model; annotated token spans; competing analyses; corpus sampling; review and reproducibility.版本与出处、引文与编写示例、带标注的词段、不同分析、语料抽样、审阅与可复现性。
Produce a reproducible comparison without treating a parser suggestion as an editorial decision.形成可复现的比较，不把解析器建议当作编辑决定。
Planned sequence待建设序列Current local build: thirteen paired tutorials, three worked variations each, a four-stage path, nine ancient contexts and draft teaching exports.当前本地建设：十三组教程、每课三项带解释练习、四阶段路径、九段古代语境及教学草案导出。
Process all 25 Woodcock chapters and the Smyth syntax chapters in batches; add prerequisites, contrasts, vocabulary and multiple explained solutions.分批处理伍德科克全部25章及斯迈思句法各章；加入先修、对比、词汇与多种带解释的解法。
Collate exact passages, editions, highlighted spans, close translations and genre labels before promoting candidate examples.提升候选用例前，核对准确原文、版本、标示词段、贴近原文的译文及文体标签。
Add aspect, voice, reference, negation scope, word order, particles and specified communicative contexts; compare modern scholarship.加入体貌、语态、指称、否定辖域、语序、小品词及明确交际语境；对照现代研究。
Build cumulative narratives, argument, letters and dialogue; use ancient rhetoric with chronological and genre boundaries.建立累积叙事、论证、书信和对话；使用古代修辞材料时区分年代与文体。
Validate adapters, then conduct authorized Cursus draft imports and project-private Scriba reviews; keep grades and editor decisions distinct.核验适配文件后，进行获授权的 Cursus 草案导入与 Scriba 项目内部审阅；分开成绩与编辑决定。
Evaluate morphology and syntax suggestions on a held-out, human-adjudicated set; keep ambiguity, abstention and manual overrides.在独立留出的人工裁定材料上评估词法与句法建议；保留歧义、拒答及人工修订。
Run learner and instructor trials; revise the rubric, accessibility, reading load and bibliography. Version lessons and release only reviewed batches.开展学习者及教师试用；修订评价量表、可访问性、阅读负担与书目。教程保留版本，只发布经过审阅的批次。
These are reference chapters queued for tutorial development. Introductory section links do not mean a chapter is fully taught.这些是待转成教程的参考章节。入门条目链接并不表示整章已教授完毕。
These are reference chapters queued for tutorial development. Introductory section links do not mean a chapter is fully taught.这些是待转成教程的参考章节。入门条目链接并不表示整章已教授完毕。