Your Latin and Greek attempts save separately in this browser.拉丁语及希腊语尝试分别保存在本浏览器中。
Export data导出数据
If the download does not appear, copy this JSON and save it as a .json file.如未出现下载，可复制此 JSON 并保存为 .json 文件。
Compare your choices比较你的选择
Read one possible answer and its reasoning查看一种可能的例答及解释
Sī nūntius vēnerit, portam custōdiēmus.
English if he arrives uses a present form for future reference. This model makes Latin anteriority explicit with vēnerit. Its spelling can also be a perfect subjunctive in other contexts; the whole sentence identifies its use here.英语 if he arrives 用现在形式指将来。本例用 vēnerit 明确拉丁语的先后关系。这一拼写在别处也可为完成时虚拟式；此处须根据全句辨认。
An if-clause is a supposition. Neither sī nor an indicative form independently proves that its event occurred. The exercises state the contrary facts explicitly.如果从句提出假设。Sī 或直陈式本身都不独立证明事件发生过。练习明确说明相反的事实。
ἐὰν ὁ ἄγγελος ἔλθῃ, τὴν πύλην φυλάξομεν.
An aorist subjunctive in a future condition does not locate the event in the past. This form presents the arrival as a whole; it is not a duration measurement.将来条件中的不定过去时虚拟式不把事件放在过去。此形式把到达作为整体呈现，不是时长测量。
Greek unreal conditions use past indicative forms and ἄν in the conclusion. They do not mechanically copy Latin subjunctives. The label more vivid concerns how the speaker presents the supposition; it is not a probability score.希腊语未实现条件用过去直陈式，结果句带 ἄν，不能机械照搬拉丁虚拟式。“更鲜明”描述说话者如何提出假设，不是概率分数。
This is an authored example; other answers may preserve the intended meaning and fit the context.此为编写示例；其他答案也可能保留预期意义，并符合语境。
Change one choice, then connect the choices改变一项选择，再把选择连接起来
Variation 1变化练习 1
If the messenger does not arrive, we shall remain here.信使若不到达，我们就将留在这里。
Show a hint查看提示
Negate the condition with nōn.用 nōn 否定条件。
Use μή in the condition and the contracted future μενοῦμεν.条件句用 μή，结果句用缩合将来时 μενοῦμεν。
Compare with one possible answer与一种可能的答案比较
Sī nūntius nōn vēnerit, hīc manēbimus.
Nōn negates the arrival, not the decision to remain. Vēnerit is future perfect in this future sequence.Nōn 否定到达，不否定留下的决定。Vēnerit 在这一将来序列中是将来完成时。
ἐὰν ὁ ἄγγελος μὴ ἔλθῃ, ἐνθάδε μενοῦμεν.
Μή belongs to the conditional supposition. The conclusion remains affirmative; the form does not say that the messenger has already failed to arrive.Μή 属于条件假设。结果句仍是肯定；该形式不表示信使已经未能到达。
Variation 2变化练习 2
If the messenger were here now (he is not), we would be guarding the gate.信使现在若在这里（实际上不在），我们就会正在守卫城门。
Show a hint查看提示
Use imperfect subjunctives for the stated unreal present.所述未实现的现在用未完成时虚拟式。
Use imperfect indicatives, with ἄν in the conclusion.用未完成时直陈式，结果句加 ἄν。
Compare with one possible answer与一种可能的答案比较
Sī nūntius hīc adesset, portam custōdīrēmus.
Adesset and custōdīrēmus express the stated unreal present; the English parenthesis establishes that the messenger is absent.Adesset 与 custōdīrēmus 表达所述未实现的现在；英语括注说明信使不在。
εἰ ὁ ἄγγελος ἐνθάδε ἦν, τὴν πύλην ἐφυλάττομεν ἄν.
Ἦν and ἐφυλάττομεν refer here to an unreal present. Ἄν belongs to the conclusion; this is not a simple narrative of past guarding.Ἦν 与 ἐφυλάττομεν 此处指未实现的现在。Ἄν 属于结果句，这不是简单叙述过去的守卫。
Variation 3变化练习 3
If the messenger had arrived (he did not), we would have guarded the gate.信使若曾到达（实际上没有），我们就会守卫过城门。
Show a hint查看提示
Use pluperfect subjunctives in both clauses.两句均用过去完成时虚拟式。
Use aorist indicatives and ἄν in the conclusion.用不定过去时直陈式，结果句加 ἄν。
Compare with one possible answer与一种可能的答案比较
Sī nūntius vēnisset, portam custōdīvissemus.
Vēnisset and custōdīvissemus locate this unreal condition and its consequence in the past.Vēnisset 与 custōdīvissemus 把未实现条件及结果放在过去。
εἰ ὁ ἄγγελος ἦλθεν, τὴν πύλην ἐφυλάξαμεν ἄν.
The aorists present unreal past occurrences in this context. Without ἄν, the conclusion would not have the same unreal force.在此语境中，不定过去时呈现过去未实现的事件。去掉 ἄν，结果句不会保有相同的未实现含义。
Woodcock §191 — An open condition need not assert that its condition is true.开放条件不必断言其条件为真。
Woodcock §193 — Condition types must be read with their conclusions and time relations.条件类型须结合结论及时间关系理解。
Smyth §2286 — The negative of a conditional supposition is μή.条件假设的否定用 μή。
Smyth §2292 — Conditional forms do not all imply non-fulfilment.条件形式并非都暗示未实现。
Smyth §2302 — Unreal conditions present a supposition contrary to the stated fact.未实现条件提出与所述事实相反的假设。
Smyth §2303 — Unreal Greek conditions use past indicative forms, with ἄν in the conclusion.希腊语未实现条件用过去直陈式，结果句用 ἄν。
Smyth §2304 — The imperfect can describe an unreal present or continuing past.未完成时可表达未实现的现在或持续的过去。
Smyth §2305 — The aorist can express a past unreal occurrence.不定过去时可表达过去未实现的事件。
Smyth §2322 — Future vividness concerns presentation and tone, not a numerical likelihood.将来假设的鲜明程度涉及表达与语气，不是数值概率。
Smyth §2323 — ἐάν with the subjunctive can introduce a future condition.ἐάν 加虚拟式可引入将来条件。
Original examples and explanations remain drafts pending independent language review.编写例答及解释仍为草案，等待独立语言审阅。
Keep or analyse a response elsewhere保存作答或送往其他工作区分析
Choose one response to export as a Syntax Studio source. Only that text is included; reflections and model answers stay outside this export. Import and a composition fork remain explicit actions in Cursus.选择一项作答，导出为 Syntax Studio 的源文本。只包含所选文本，不含反思或例答。在 Cursus 中，导入及建立写作分支仍须明确操作。