The Verrine manuscripts · 维雷斯演说抄本

Stemma and families

The Verrines survive through two medieval families. The French family (Reeve §§1.1–1.2) is headed by R, Paris BnF Lat. 7774A, written at Tours in the first half of the ninth century — the oldest witness — but R preserves only In Verrem II 4–5, and its descendant S adds only II 1.90–111. Neither contains the Divinatio in Caecilium. The fuller branch below S does contain it, omitting Caecil. 65.16–66.23 by saut du même au même. The Italian family (Reeve §§2.1–2.2), headed by p, Paris BnF Lat. 7776, transmits all seven speeches including the Divinatio. So the text of this speech rests on a different and later set of witnesses than the text of the De signis does. Peterson's OCT (1917) is the basis of the apparatus below; family assignments follow M. D. Reeve, "The Medieval Tradition of Cicero's Verrines", Exemplaria Classica 20 (2016), 19–90.

Click a node for that witness's card below. The two hyparchetypes carry more members than the diagram has room for; the count under each branch says how many.

ΨFrench familys. ix–xv

Reeve §1.1 'The French family (I): the descendants of S' and §1.2 'its other members'. Headed by R (s. ix, Tours). Peterson reported the group D G1 G2 L K Z for the portion before S begins. Contains the Divinatio below S, minus Caecil. 65.16–66.23.

R S D G1 G2 G L K Z C H E O c s λ

πItalian familys. xiii–xv

Reeve §2.1 'The Italian family (I): p and its relatives' and §2.2 'the deteriores'. Headed by p (Paris BnF Lat. 7776, s. xiii). Transmits all seven speeches, the Divinatio included.

p q r k b

Vancient witnesspre-medieval

Older than the whole medieval tradition. V (Vatican Reg. lat. 2077) is a palimpsest whose Verrine text is the scriptio inferior; Reeve records that he could not tell whether his passage was legible in it.

V Π

?family not established—

Sigla Peterson names but whose family Reeve's census does not settle — the codices from which the lost parts of C are restored (N Nannianus, F Fabricianus, M Metellianus). Listed rather than guessed at.

F M N

Witnesses

26 sourced witnesses · 12 digitised · 11 carry the Divinatio · 26 of 26 shown

V ancient witness no Divinatio

V · Vatican, BAV, Reg. lat. 2077

Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana · s. iii/iv · Reeve §n. 64, 2.2.0

Extent: ii.1 §§105-114, 119-130, 137-139, 142-148, 150-153, 158; iv §§6-9, 16-19; v §§71-72, 80-85, 94-99, 104-109, 114-119, 120-136

Divinatio — evidence: Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii) and Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros IV-V: Peterson lists V's contents exhaustively and they are confined to Act. II books 1, 4 and 5. Supersedes the earlier 'unknown', which rested on Reeve n. 64 ('I do not know whether the passage in question is legible in the palimpsest V') — a statement about one passage, not about the codex's extent.

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii): 'V = fragmenta Palimpsesti Vaticani (Reginensis 2077) saecl. iii/iv'

viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · 445 images · in the reader →

Π ancient witness part of the Divinatio papyrus

Π · Manchester, John Rylands Library, P.Ryl. III 477

John Rylands Library · s. v

Extent: Div. Caec. §§33-37, 44-46 — very fragmentary

Divinatio — evidence: Watson 2025 (Cambridge), Sigla codicum p. 56 gives the contained sections explicitly; it is the ONLY witness that gives any of the Divinatio in a pre-medieval form.

RESTORED 2026-08-24. Struck earlier the same day as a fabrication because the shipped table called it 'the Picenum palimpsest'. The NAME was invented — it is a papyrus, not a palimpsest, and Picenum is nothing to do with it — but the witness, the fifth-century date, the independent status and the attribution to Watson 2025 were all real.

Papyrus bifolium in half uncial, later emended, glossed and annotated in Latin and Greek by four further hands. Purchased 1920, provenance unknown (probably Egypt). Ed. C. H. Roberts (1938) 72-77; also Calderini (1945), Cavenaile (1958); Watson collates from Roberts because the digital reproduction will not support a fresh collation. At §44 preserves a reading otherwise unattested, which Watson says 'may suggest that the French and Italian families shared an archetype'.

Authority

Watson 2025 (Cambridge), Sigla codicum p. 56: 'Π Mancuniensis P.Ryl. III 477, s. v (continens §§33–37, 44–46)'

viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · 2 images · in the reader →

Manchester (Luna), Greek P 477 = P.Ryl. III 477, TM 59459, s. V, Divinatio 35–7 and 44–6. Recto and verso are separate Luna records with one-canvas manifests each (linked here: recto primary, verso alongside); pixels verified on both. NB the human viewer pages sit behind an invisible reCAPTCHA that passes automatically in a normal browser.

Page guide

Papyrus bifolium: Divinatio §§33–37 (recto) and §§44–46 (verso) only.

Book	Opens at	Evidence
Divinatio	fol. recto (Div. 33–37) ↗	luna-metadata: Luna metadata: Side 'recto', Section '35-7 and 44-6', citation P. Ryl. Gr. 3 477
Divinatio	fol. verso (Div. 44–46) ↗	luna-metadata: Sibling Luna record, Side 'verso'

C French family no Divinatio

C · Cluniacensis 498, nunc Holkhamicus 387

formerly Holkham Hall · s. ix · Reeve §1.2

Extent: ii.2 §§1-30, 112-117, 157-183 (Peterson's contents list)

Divinatio — evidence: Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros II-III: contents are ii.2 only

The Reeve/Watson one-digit split (Add. 47679 vs 47678) is now ADJUDICATED by the BL's own catalogue: Add MS 47678 (record 040-002104026) is the Cicero and carries the Cluny-498/Holkham provenance narrative; Add MS 47679 (record 040-002104027) is Holkham 411, the Agrimensores Romani — no Cicero in it. Watson's number is right; the 47679 in our record of Reeve's Appendix 1 does not match the codex. Geneva lat. 169 (the other part of the split Cluniacensis) not surveyed here.

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros II-III: 'C = Cluniacensis 498, nunc Holkhamicus 387, saecl. ix'

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Now London, BL, Add MS 47678. The BL record narrates the provenance itself: no. 498 in the Cluny catalogue prepared under Abbot Hugh III (d. 1163), later Holkham Hall. Catalogue: https://searcharchives.bl.uk/catalog/040-002104026. Manifest label 'add ms 47678', 102 canvases.

Page guide

The Cluny codex holds only parts of II.2 (Peterson: §§1–30, 112–117, 157–183), on ff. 28r–39v.

Book	Opens at	Evidence
II.2	fol. 28r ↗	visual-rubric: canvas 'f.28r': large initial M, 'Multa mihi necessario praetermittenda sunt…' (Verr. 2.2.1)

D French family has the Divinatio

D · Paris, BnF, Latin 7823

Bibliotheque nationale de France · s. xv (BnF: 1401-1500) · Reeve §1.1

Extent: the Divinatio, the Actio prima, II 1 (imperfect), II 4 and II 5; II 2 and II 3 wholly wanting (BnF: 'quartus et quintus integri desiderantur', counting the seven books)

Divinatio — evidence: Reeve 2016 cites D at Caecil. 1.2 and 55.20; Reeve 1.1 on the omission of 'id' at Caecil. 15.27

Watson 2025: Parisinus 7823, s. xv ineuntis

PREVIOUSLY WRONG HERE (to 2026-09-25): the extent read 'II 4 and II 5 wholly wanting'. The BnF's 'quartus et quintus' count the seven books, so they are II 2 and II 3: the two contents lists on the flyleaf (vue 5) give the Divinatio, the Actio prima, II 1 (the later list: 'imperf.'), II 4 and II 5, and II 4 and II 5 open under the book numbers 6 and 7 on ff. 57r and 101r (vues 64 and 110).

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii): 'D = Parisinus 7823, ineunte saecl. xv e cod. S nondum mutilato descriptus' — copied from S before S lost its opening.

Authority

Reeve 2016, Appendix 1: 'Paris B. N. F. Lat. 7823 (D): section 1.1, n. 95'; Reeve 24: Peterson 'chiefly used D' for the text up to II 1.90

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Page guide

Gallica's canvases carry no foliation ('NP'), so links are by vue. Contents per the flyleaf list in Claude Dupuy's hand (vue 5): Divinatio; actio prima; II.1 (imperfect); II.4; II.5 — II.2–II.3 are the volumes the title-page note records as lost.

Book	Opens at	Evidence
Divinatio	fol. 1r (vue 5) ↗	visual-rubric: vue 5: great initial S, 'Si quis vestrum iudices…', marginal 'M. T. Ciceronis Divinatio'
Actio I	fol. 14v (vue 21) ↗	visual-rubric: left page (facing the recto numbered 15): '.2.' and decorated Q, 'Quod erat optandum maxime iudices…', after the end of the Divinatio
II.1	fol. 26r (vue 32) ↗	visual-rubric: leaf numbered 26: '.3.' and decorated N, 'Neminem vestrum ignorare arbitror…'
II.4	fol. 57r (vue 64) ↗	visual-rubric: leaf numbered 57: '6' and decorated V, 'Venio nunc ad istius quemadmodum ipse appellat studium…'
II.5	fol. 101r (vue 110) ↗	visual-rubric: leaf numbered 101: '7' and decorated N, 'Nemini video dubium esse iud. quin apertissime C. Verres…'

E French family no Divinatio

E · Berlin, SBB, Lat. 2o 252

Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin · s. xii · Reeve §1.2

Extent: excerpts from In Verrem II 3-4

Divinatio — evidence: Reeve 1.2: excerpts from II 3-4

⚠ SAME LETTER, DIFFERENT MANUSCRIPT. Peterson: the Erfurtensis (Reeve: Berlin Lat. 2o 252). Watson: Escorialensis R.I.2, s. xiv.

Watson 2025: Escorialensis R.I.2, s. xiv

Peterson's name for it is the Erfurtensis; Reeve's Appendix 1 gives the shelfmark Berlin Lat. 2o 252.

Authority

Reeve 2016, 1.2: 'E (Berlin Lat. 2o 252, s. xii)' | Peterson OCT 1917 praefatio: 'Erfurtensem (E) ex Harleiano 2682 (H) descriptum esse' — E = the Erfurtensis, which Clark derived from H. E is not in Peterson's three sigla lists; it is used for the excerpts.

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SBB digitised collections, manifest label 'Cicero: Opera', 424 canvases.

Page guide

Excerpts only: the SBB's own table of contents places 'Orationis in C. Verrem secundae lib. III et IV' at fol. 171r.

Book	Opens at	Evidence
II.3	fol. 171r ↗	manifest-toc: SBB manifest structures: 'Orationis in C. Verrem secundae lib. III et IV' → canvas 350 (label '171r [351]')

G French family has the Divinatio group

G · (G3 = the editors' siglum for a consensus)

Reeve §1.1

Divinatio — evidence: inherited from G1/G2

Watson 2025: Guelferbytanus Weissenburgensis 41, s. xv (= Peterson's G2)

Refined: G is not simply 'the agreement of G1 and G2'. Peterson records G3 as EARLIER EDITORS' siglum, and its membership CHANGES BY SECTION (G1G2L in the earlier books, RG₁G₂L in iv-v). Bare 'G' in the dossier apparatus is not defined in Peterson's conspectus and needs a reader.

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii): 'Siglo G3 consensum codicum G1G2L significaverunt editores'; Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros IV-V: 'RG₁G₂L = G3'

in the reader →

G1 French family has the Divinatio

G1 · Wolfenbuttel, HAB, Cod. Guelf. 265.2 Extravagantes

Herzog August Bibliothek · s. xv · Reeve §1.1

Divinatio — evidence: Reeve 1.1: G1 restores Caecil. 65.16-66.23 from the Italian family

Authority

Reeve 2016, 24, equation printed: 'G1 = Wolfenbuttel Extrav. 265.2' | CONFIRMED by Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii): 'G1 = Guelferbytanus (2652, Extravagantium) ad finem saecl. xv scriptus. Huius codicis gemellus est Parisinus 7822, scriptus anno 1471'

catalogue record ↗ · in the reader →

Not digitised. HAB Handschriftendatenbank record ('CICERO IN VERREM. DE IMPERIO GNAEI POMPEI', parchment, 197 fols., France, s. XV) carries no facsimile link; iiif.hab.de manifest probes 404; the Handschriftenportal record (HSP-a5f9062c-2b1e-3d4b-b795-07537252cced) states digital images: 0. Re-checked 2026-09-25: unchanged. The HAB record offers only 'Digitalisierungsanfrage'; the IIIF and WDB probes return 404; the Handschriftenportal lists no digitisation.

G2 French family has the Divinatio

G2 · Wolfenbuttel, HAB, Cod. Guelf. 41 Weissenburg

Herzog August Bibliothek · s. xv · Reeve §1.1

Divinatio — evidence: Reeve 1.1: Peterson reports the omission of 'id' from G2 L K Z at Caecil. 15.27

Authority

Reeve 2016, 24, equation printed: 'G2 = Wolfenbuttel Weissenburg 41' | CONFIRMED by Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii): 'G2 = Guelferbytanus (41 Weissenburgensium) saecl. xv'

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IIIF manifest label: 'Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel, Cod. Guelf. 41 Weiss.' — 531 canvases.

Page guide

Boundaries from the codex's own librarian contents leaf (fol. Ir, read on its image): Divinatio F.1a–5b · actio prima F.5b–9a · act. II lib. I F.9b–18b · lib. IV F.18b–34a · lib. V F.34a–50a. The codex omits II.2–II.3.

Book	Opens at	Evidence
Divinatio	fol. 1r ↗	visual-rubric: fol. 1r, red 'Verrine Marci Tullij Ciceronis incipiunt feliciter' over 'Si quis vestrum iudices…'
Actio I	fol. 5v ↗	contents-leaf: contents leaf: 'In C. Verrem actio prima. F. 5b–9a'
II.1	fol. 9v ↗	contents-leaf: contents leaf: 'actionis II. lib. I. F. 9b–18b'
II.4	fol. 18v ↗	contents-leaf: contents leaf: 'actionis II. lib. IV. F. 18b–34a'
II.5	fol. 34r ↗	contents-leaf: contents leaf: 'actionis II. lib. V. F. 34a–50a'

H French family no Divinatio

H · London, BL, Harley 2682

British Library · s. xi · Reeve §1.2

Extent: excerpts: iii §§1-10, and excerpts in iv-v

Divinatio — evidence: Reeve 1.2: H carries excerpts from II 3-4 only

⚠ SAME LETTER, DIFFERENT MANUSCRIPT. Peterson: Harleianus 2682, excerpts (Reeve agrees). Watson: Parisinus 16674.

Watson 2025: Parisinus 16674, s. xiv/xv

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros II-III: 'H = Excerpta quae exstant in codice Harleiano 2682, olim Coloniensi Basilicano' (init. lib. iii, §§1-10); Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros IV-V: 'H = Excerpta ... saecl. xi'

catalogue record ↗ · in the reader →

Not digitised. BL interim catalogue record for Harley MS 2682; Digitised Content field empty. The catalogue's Digitised Content facet distinguishes 'No' from 'Yes (unavailable since the cyber-attack)'; this manuscript is 'No' — never digitised, not merely offline. Re-checked 2026-09-25: unchanged. The BL record's Digitised Content facet is still 'No', Biblissima's IIIF index has no manifest, and the Wayback Machine holds no capture of an old viewer page.

K French family has the Divinatio

K · London, BL, Harley 4105

British Library · a. 1462 · Reeve §1.1

Divinatio — evidence: Reeve 1.1: 'id' omitted from G2 L K Z at Caecil. 15.27

Authority

Reeve 2016, 24, equation printed: 'K = B. L. Harl. 4105 (a. 1462)'

catalogue record ↗ · in the reader →

Not digitised. BL interim catalogue record (post cyber-attack) confirms Harley MS 4105, 'Cicero, Orationes in Verrem and Orationes in Catilinam'; its Digitised Content field is empty. The catalogue's Digitised Content facet distinguishes 'No' from 'Yes (unavailable since the cyber-attack)'; this manuscript is 'No' — never digitised, not merely offline. Re-checked 2026-09-25: unchanged. The BL record's Digitised Content facet is still 'No', Biblissima's IIIF index has no manifest, and the Wayback Machine holds no capture of an old viewer page.

L French family has the Divinatio

L · Leiden, UB, Periz. F 12

Universiteitsbibliotheek Leiden · Reeve §1.1

Divinatio — evidence: Reeve 1.1: 'id' omitted from G2 L K Z at Caecil. 15.27

Authority

Reeve 2016, 24, equation printed: 'L = Leiden Periz. F 12'

catalogue record ↗ · in the reader →

Not digitised. Leiden's catalogue record (Orationes / Cicero, France, s. XV med., 192 leaves; In Verrem at ff. 111r-187r) offers 'Order Digital Images' — i.e. none online — and Digital Collections holds other PER F codices (PER F 2, F 4 A, Q 18) but not this one, so the absence is meaningful, not a search-form failure. Re-checked 2026-09-25: unchanged. Leiden's catalogue (Primo API) has no electronic service or Digital Collections link for PER F 12, where BPL 16 D, as a control, has one.

O French family no Divinatio

O · Florence, BML, Conv. Soppr. 79 (= Lagomarsinianus 42, olim Badia 2618)

Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana · s. xv · Reeve §1.2

Divinatio — evidence: copied from C, whose contents are ii.2

Not a collision: Lagomarsinianus 42 = Flor. Bad. 2618 (79) = Laur. Conv. Sopp. 79 are one book under three names.

Watson 2025: Laurentianus Conv. Sopp. 79, s. xiv/xv

O1 = corrections importing vulgate readings from the pi family (Peterson).

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros II-III: 'O = Lagomarsinianus 42, saecl. xv, Flor. Bad. 2618 (79), e cod. Cluniacensi nondum mutilato descriptus'. Reeve's Appendix 1 lists Florence Laur. Conv. Soppr. 79 (= Lag. 42) at both 1.2 and 2.2, so its affiliation is not simple.

in the reader →

Not digitised. A full API dump of the Laurenziana's digitised 'Conventi Soppressi' collection (CONTENTdm, 2026-09-01) lists 11 items — nos. 21, 24, 53, 122, 150, 159, 160, 171, 176, 191, 204 — with no. 79 absent, and a global search for 'Verrem' across all 13 BML collections returns no Conv. Soppr. item. Re-checked 2026-09-25: unchanged. The Laurenziana's Conventi Soppressi collection (CONTENTdm API) still holds 11 items, without 79, and searches for Verrem, Divinatio and Cicero across all 13 of its collections find Verrines only among the Plutei.

R French family no Divinatio

R · Paris, BnF, Latin 7774A

Bibliotheque nationale de France · s. ix(1), Tours · Reeve §1.1

Extent: In Verrem II 4-5 only

Divinatio — evidence: Reeve 2016, 22; BnF catalogue title 'in Verrem orationes quarta et quinta'; autopsy of f. 1r

Authority

Reeve 2016, 22: 'R (Paris B. N. F. Lat. 7774A, s. ix1) has kept only II 4-5'

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Page guide

Gallica's canvases carry no foliation ('NP'), so links are by vue; each folio is read on the leaf. II.4–II.5 only.

Book	Opens at	Evidence
II.4	fol. 1r (vue 2) ↗	visual-rubric: right page: display capitals 'CICERONIS INVECTIVA IN VERREM INCIPIT' and a great V, 'Venio nunc ad istius quemadmodum…'
II.5	fol. 49r (vue 52) ↗	visual-rubric: leaf numbered 49: space left for the initial, then '[N]emini video dubium esse iud. quin apertissime C. Verres…'

S French family no Divinatio

S · Paris, BnF, Latin 7775

Bibliotheque nationale de France · s. xiii (Peterson and BnF); s. xii (Reeve) · Reeve §1.1

Extent: In Verrem II 1.90-111, II 4 and II 5

Divinatio — evidence: Reeve 2016, 22; BnF catalogue title 'orationes in Verrem tertia, quarta et quinta'

PREVIOUSLY WRONG HERE (to 2026-09-25): the extent read 'II 1.90-111 and II 3-5; opening of II 3 lost', after the BnF's 'orationes in Verrem tertia, quarta et quinta : initium tertiae desideratur'. The BnF counts the three speeches the codex holds: its acephalous 'tertia' is II 1, which begins at §90 ('Dolabella occiso', f. 1r, vue 1), and II 4 follows on f. 3r (vue 5). S has no II 3; Reeve 2016, 22: S 'has also kept II 1.90-111' beside the II 4-5 of R.

⚠ Peterson 'Parisinus 7775, saecl. xiii' agrees with Gallica (1201-1300) against Reeve's s. xii. Two against one, but not adjudicated here.

Authority

Reeve 2016, 22: 'its descendant S (Paris B. N. F. Lat. 7775, s. xii) has also kept II 1.90-111'

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Page guide

Gallica's canvases carry no foliation, so links are by vue; each folio is read on the leaf. II.1 from §90 to §111, then II.4 and II.5 (Reeve 2016, 22); the BnF's 'tertia' is II.1.

Book	Opens at	Evidence
II.1	fol. 1r (vue 1; from §90) ↗	visual-rubric: leaf numbered 1: acephalous, beginning at II 1.90 'Dolabella occiso duas sibi hereditates…', under a later heading 'Ex tertio in Verrem libro'
II.4	fol. 3r (vue 5) ↗	visual-rubric: leaf numbered 3: 'CICERONIS INVECTIVAR(UM) IN VERREM LIBER', with 'ultimus' struck through and 'penultimus, sive VI' added, then 'Venio nunc ad istius quemadmodum ipse appellat studium…'
II.5	fol. 16r (vue 32) ↗	visual-rubric: leaf numbered 16: the end of II 4 '…quae ille calamitosus dies reliquerat ademisset', then '[N]emini video dubium iud. esse quin apertissime C. Verres…'

Z French family has the Divinatio

Z · London, BL, Harley 4852

British Library · Reeve §1.1

Divinatio — evidence: Reeve 1.1: 'id' omitted from G2 L K Z at Caecil. 15.27

Authority

Reeve 2016, 24, equation printed: 'Z = B. L. Harl. 4852'

catalogue record ↗ · in the reader →

Not digitised. BL interim catalogue record for Harley MS 4852, 'Cicero, Speeches'; Digitised Content field empty. The catalogue's Digitised Content facet distinguishes 'No' from 'Yes (unavailable since the cyber-attack)'; this manuscript is 'No' — never digitised, not merely offline. Re-checked 2026-09-25: unchanged. The BL record's Digitised Content facet is still 'No', Biblissima's IIIF index has no manifest, and the Wayback Machine holds no capture of an old viewer page.

c French family no Divinatio reconstruction

c · (the lost parts of C, as recoverable from N, F, M)

Reeve §1.2

Divinatio — evidence: C's contents are ii.2

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros II-III: 'c = eiusdem codicis partes deperditae'

in the reader →

s French family not established

s · codex S. Stephani

Reeve §1.1

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii): listed among the S-family, 's = codex S. Stephani'

in the reader →

λ French family not established

λ · codex Lambini

Reeve §1.1

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii): listed among the S-family, 'λ = codex Lambini'

in the reader →

b Italian family has the Divinatio

b · Florence, BNCF, Conv. Soppr. J.IV.4 (olim conv. S. Marci; Peterson: 'cod. S. Marci 255')

Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze · s. xv · Reeve §2.2.1.3.2

Extent: desinit in fine Actionis Secundae lib. ii

Divinatio — evidence: The BNCF's Internet Archive copy, canvas 238 (f. 235v), image read 2026-09-25: red heading 'M. T. Ciceronis in Verrem or[ati]o invectiva incipit foeliciter' (margin 'Accusationum lib. p[rimus]'), then 'Si quis vestrum iudices aut eorum qui adsint forte mirantur me' (Div. Caec. 1).

⚠ Peterson's b = Reeve's b = Florence Naz. Conv. Soppr. J.IV.4 (same codex, contra the earlier note here). The real collision is with Watson 2025, whose b = Bononiensis 2232.

Watson 2025: Bononiensis 2232, anni 1419

PREVIOUSLY WRONG HERE: an earlier note held that J.IV.4 was Reeve's b and not the b of the apparatus this dossier follows. They are one codex: Reeve 2016, 62 n. 108 quotes Peterson's own description of it (see the identification note), and its facsimile (2026-09-25) ends with II 2, as Peterson's 'Desinit in fine Actionis Secundae Lib. ii' says.

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii): 'b = cod. S. Marci 255, saecl. xv. Desinit in fine Actionis Secundae Lib. ii'

viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · 319 images · catalogue record ↗ · in the reader →

Digitised (found 2026-09-25, overturning the 2026-09-01 survey, which could not query Manus OnLine or Internet Culturale): the BNCF's own list of its digitised Conventi Soppressi (Teca BNCF, 153 items) links 'Conv.Soppr.J.IV.4' to an Internet Archive copy uploaded by BNCF staff on 2021-08-06 (600 ppi, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0); IIIF label 'BNCF, Conventi Soppressi J.IV.4', 319 canvases, each a two-page opening. The pasted contents list numbers the Verrine books 'In Verrem lib. 1-4'; the images show Div., Verr. 1, 2.1 and 2.2, where the codex ends, as Peterson says ('Desinit in fine Actionis Secundae Lib. ii').

Page guide

Two-page openings on the Internet Archive, uploaded by the BNCF. The Verrines are speeches 26–29 of the codex's 31, and it ends with II.2.

Book	Opens at	Evidence
Divinatio	fol. 235v ↗	visual-rubric: left page: red 'M. T. Ciceronis in Verrem or[ati]o invectiva incipit foeliciter' over 'Si quis vestrum iudices…'
Actio I	fol. 244r ↗	visual-rubric: right page (foliated 244): red 'in Verrem accusationum lib. ii[o] incipit' over 'Quod erat optandum maxime iudices…'
II.1	fol. 250v ↗	visual-rubric: left page: red 'accusationum in Verre[m] l. iii incipit' over 'Neminem vestrum … hunc per hosce dies sermonem vulgi…'
II.2	fol. 273r ↗	visual-rubric: right page (foliated 273): red 'accusationum in Verre[m] l. iiii[o] incipit' over 'Multa mihi necessario iudices praetermittenda sunt…'

k Italian family no Divinatio

k · Paris, BnF, Latin 4588 (Peterson) / 4588A (Reeve)

Bibliotheque nationale de France · s. xiii · Reeve §2.1

Divinatio — evidence: Reeve 2016, 37: k 'contains II 2-3 (ff. 76-91, two quires), II 4 from 29.23 quidem cum essem or thereabouts (ff. 66r-70r), and II 5 from 30.3 fuerit siracusis (ff. 71r-75v, continued by a slip, 75bis)', with the end of II 1 from 156.25 added on f. 83v. The Gallica images (read 2026-09-25) bear this out: the rest of the codex is Rollandinus, Aegidius de Fuscariis, De natura deorum and Apuleius.

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros II-III: 'k = Parisinus 4588, saecl. xiii'

viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · 232 images · in the reader →

Gallica's own manifest label reads 'Latin 4588A' — the BnF sides with Reeve's number against Peterson's 4588. 232 canvases.

Page guide

Gallica's canvases carry k's folio numbers. The Verrines are II.2–II.3 (ff. 76–91), II.4 from §29 and II.5 from §30 (ff. 66r–75v and the slip 75bis), and the end of II.1, added on f. 83v (Reeve 2016, 37).

Book	Opens at	Evidence
II.1	fol. 83v (from §156) ↗	published-folio: the end of II 1 from 156.25 'Iam vero', added by another hand in the space left at the end of a quire (Reeve 2016, 37); the addition is seen on the canvas labelled '83v', its words not read
II.2	fol. 76r ↗	visual-rubric: leaf 76: 'IIII' above column a, red initial M, '[M]ulta mihi necessario iud. praetermittenda sunt…'
II.3	fol. 82v ↗	visual-rubric: after the end of II 2, red initial O, 'Omnes qui alterum iudices nullis impulsi inimicitiis…'
II.4	fol. 66r (from §29) ↗	published-folio: acephalous: II 4 from 29.23 'quidem cum essem' or thereabouts, ff. 66r–70r (Reeve 2016, 37); the canvas labelled '66r' shows II 4 matter, but the leaf is too faded to read its first words
II.5	fol. 71r (from §30) ↗	visual-rubric: acephalous: begins at II 5.30.3 'fuerit Siracusis huc omnes…' (Reeve 2016, 37: ff. 71r–75v and the slip 75bis)

p Italian family has the Divinatio

p · Paris, BnF, Latin 7776

Bibliotheque nationale de France · s. xi (Peterson); s. xiii (old catalogue per Reeve; BnF 1201-1300) · Reeve §2.1

Divinatio — evidence: Reeve cites p at Caecil. 1.2, 8.25, 15.26, 44.17-18, 55.20

Watson 2025: Parisinus 7776, s. xi (Peterson's lower-case p)

⚠ Peterson dates p to the 11th century, Reeve reports the old catalogue's 13th and Gallica agrees. Unresolved; all three recorded.

Authority

Reeve 2016, Appendix 1: 'Paris B. N. F. Lat. 7776 (p): section 2.1'; section 2.1 is 'THE ITALIAN FAMILY (I): P AND ITS RELATIVES'

viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · 178 images · in the reader →

Page guide

Gallica's canvases carry no foliation; links are by vue. Complete Verrines.

Book	Opens at	Evidence
Divinatio	fol. 1r (vue 2) ↗	visual-rubric: vue 2: rubric 'M. TVLLI CICERONIS INC. VERREM LIB. I' over 'quis vestrum iudices…'
Actio I	fol. 9r (vue 10) ↗	visual-rubric: right page: 'M. TVLLI CICERONIS DE ACCUSATORE LIBER I EXP. INCIP. LIB. II', then 'QVOD ERAT optandum maxime iud…'
II.1	fol. 14v (vue 17) ↗	visual-rubric: left page (facing the recto numbered 15): '… ACTIO PRIMA II EXPLIC. INCIP. ACTIO III FELICIT.', great N 'NEMINEM VESTRVM ignorare arbitror…'
II.2	fol. 38r (vue 40) ↗	visual-rubric: leaf numbered 38: '… LIB. III EXPLICIT. INCIP. LIB. IIII FELICIT.', then 'MVLTA MIHI NECESSARIO IVD. PRAETERMITTENDA SVNT…'
II.3	fol. 69v (vue 72) ↗	visual-rubric: left page (facing the recto numbered 70): great O 'OMNES QVI ALTERVM IVD. NVLLIS INPVLSI INIMICITIIS…'
II.4	fol. 112r (vue 114) ↗	visual-rubric: leaf numbered 112: the end of II 3 '…sedes suas revertuntur', then great V 'VENIO NVNC AD ISTIVS QVEMADMO[dum]…'
II.5	fol. 141v (vue 145) ↗	visual-rubric: left page (facing the recto numbered 142): the end of II 4 '…festos dies recuperarant', then great N 'NEMINI VIDEO DVBIVM esse iud.…'

q Italian family has the Divinatio

q · Florence, BML, Plut. 48.29

Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana · s. xv · Reeve §2.1

Divinatio — evidence: Italian family; Reeve cites q in the Divinatio apparatus

Authority

Reeve 2016, Appendix 1: 'Florence Laur. Plut. 48.29 (q): section 2.1'; Reeve: 'Alongside p Peterson used not only Laur. 48.29 (s. xv), which he called q'

viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · 350 images · in the reader →

BML's digital library moved to CONTENTdm (the old mss.bmlonline.it is dead). Manifest label 'M. T. Orationes in Verrem', 350 canvases; the viewer page confirms Plut.48.29.

Page guide

The codex numbers the seven books continuously ('liber primus'–'septimus').

Book	Opens at	Evidence
Divinatio	fol. 1r ↗	visual-rubric: fol. 1r, red rubric 'M. Tullij Ciceronis in C. Verrem liber primus incipit' over 'Siquis vestrum iudices…'
Actio I	fol. 9v ↗	visual-rubric: fol. 9v, red 'de accusatore liber primus explicit. Incipit secundus' over 'Quod erat optandum maxime iudices…'
II.1	fol. 16v ↗	visual-rubric: fol. 16v, red 'Actio prima explicit. Incipit actio secunda feliciter' over 'Neminem vestrum ignorare arbitror iudices…'
II.2	fol. 39v ↗	visual-rubric: fol. 39v, red 'liber tertius explicit. Incipit liber quartus. FELICITER' over 'Multa mihi iudices necessario praetermittenda sunt…'
II.3	fol. 69r ↗	visual-rubric: fol. 69r, enlarged initial '[O]mnes qui alterum…' mid-page, after the close of the previous book
II.4	fol. 109v ↗	visual-rubric: fol. 109v, enlarged '[V]enio nunc ad istius quemadmodum ipse appellat studium…' mid-page
II.5	fol. 137r ↗	visual-rubric: fol. 137r, enlarged '[N]emini video dubium esse iudices…' below the explicit of De signis

r Italian family has the Divinatio

r · London, BL, Harley 2687

British Library · Reeve §2.1

Divinatio — evidence: Italian family; cited in the Divinatio apparatus

⚠ SAME LETTER, DIFFERENT MANUSCRIPT. Peterson: Harleianus 2687 (Reeve agrees). Watson: Florentinus Riccardianus 499.

Watson 2025: Florentinus Riccardianus 499, c. 1425-1427

Authority

Reeve 2016, Appendix 1: 'London B. L. Harl. 2687 (r): section 2.1'

catalogue record ↗ · in the reader →

Not digitised. BL interim catalogue record for Harley MS 2687, 'Cicero, Orationes in Verrem; Philippicae'; Digitised Content field empty. The catalogue's Digitised Content facet distinguishes 'No' from 'Yes (unavailable since the cyber-attack)'; this manuscript is 'No' — never digitised, not merely offline. Re-checked 2026-09-25: unchanged. The BL record's Digitised Content facet is still 'No', Biblissima's IIIF index has no manifest, and the Wayback Machine holds no capture of an old viewer page.

F family not established not established

F · codex Fabricianus (so called)

⚠ SAME LETTER, DIFFERENT MANUSCRIPT. Peterson: codex Fabricianus, a source for restoring the lost parts of C. Watson (and Reeve): Laurentianus Strozzianus 44.

Watson 2025: Laurentianus Strozzianus 44, c. 1405

PREVIOUSLY WRONG HERE: filed as Laur. Strozzi 44, which is Reeve's (F). Peterson's F is the Fabricianus, one of three codices used to restore the lost parts of C.

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros II-III: 'c = eiusdem codicis partes deperditae, in quantum ex Nanniano (N), Fabriciano (F), Metelliano (M), quos vocant, codicibus restitui possunt'

in the reader →

Laurenziana Teca unusable; see q

M family not established not established

M · codex Metellianus (so called)

⚠ SAME LETTER, DIFFERENT MANUSCRIPT. Peterson: codex Metellianus, likewise. Watson (and Reeve): Mutinensis Lat. 328.

Watson 2025: Mutinensis Lat. 328, c. 1400

PREVIOUSLY WRONG HERE: filed as Modena Est. Lat. 328, which is Reeve's (M).

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros II-III: same note as F — 'Metelliano (M)'

in the reader →

N family not established not established

N · codex Nannianus (so called)

⚠ SAME LETTER, DIFFERENT MANUSCRIPT. Peterson: codex Nannianus, likewise. Watson: Parisinus 16226.

Watson 2025: Parisinus 16226, s. xiv/xv

Authority

Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros II-III: 'Nanniano (N)' — one of three codices from which the lost parts of C are restored

in the reader →

Group sigla

Peterson's French-family consensus is Ψ; Watson's is γ. The witness table that shipped on this site until 2026-08-24 called γ the Italian family — wrong in Watson's system, and meaningless in Peterson's, who never uses γ.

Symbol	Means	Family	Authority
γ	Watson's consensus of the six French witnesses he collates: E t D G N H ⚠ The witness table that shipped until 2026-08-24 called γ the ITALIAN family. That is wrong in Watson's system and meaningless in Peterson's, who does not use γ at all. Peterson's French-family consensus is Ψ.	french	Watson 2025 (Cambridge), Sigla codicum p. 56: 'γ Consensus codicum EtDGNH'
Ψ	Peterson's siglum for the agreement of all or most codices of the S-family (= the French family)	french	Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii): 'Nos omnium vel plurimorum in hoc genere codicum conspirationem nota Ψ indicavimus'; Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros IV-V: 'Hos omnis communi, ut antea, siglo insignivi Ψ'
δ	codices deteriores — the inferior manuscripts from which the early printed vulgate text was constituted	italian	Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii): 'δ = deteriores, e.g. Lagomarsiniani (Lgg.) et ceteri omnes e quibus initio constitutus est textus in libros impressos receptus'; Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros II-III: 'δ = codices deteriores'
π	consensus codicum pqr	italian	Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii): 'π = consensus codicum pqr'
G3	earlier editors' siglum for a consensus: G1G2L in the earlier books, RG₁G₂L in iv-v	french	Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros priores (pp. xvi-xvii) and Peterson OCT 1917, Sigla per libros IV-V
ϛ	Watson's consensus of a l b r	italian	Watson 2025 (Cambridge), Sigla codicum p. 56: 'ϛ Consensus codicum albr'
ω	fons codicum — the archetype	—	Watson 2025 (Cambridge), Sigla codicum p. 56: 'ω Fons codicum'
G (bare)	NOT a siglum. Peterson never prints a bare G.	french	Peterson OCT 1917 subscripts every G: the conspectus defines G1 = Guelferbytanus (2652, Extravagantium) and G2 = Guelferbytanus (41 Weissenburgensium), and G3 is the earlier editors' consensus siglum. The apparatus bears this out — at Div. Caec. 5 Peterson prints '1 videor et prG1 : video me et DΨ', and at line 26 of the same page 'lenitate DG12'. Read from the page image, because pdftotext drops subscripts and renders G1 as 'G,'.

Sigla concordance

The same letter denotes different manuscripts in different editions. 7 letters collide between Peterson and Watson — shaded below — and b differs in all three. The magalia apparatus is Peterson's, so Peterson governs what a siglum here denotes; Reeve governs family assignment; Watson governs the Divinatio.

Siglum	Peterson 1917 · this apparatus	Reeve 2016	Watson 2025
V	Vatican, BAV, Reg. lat. 2077	Vatican Reg. lat. 2077	—
C	Cluniacensis 498, nunc Holkhamicus 387	BL Add. 47679 + Geneva Lat. 169, s. ix¹	—
D	Paris, BnF, Latin 7823	Paris BnF Lat. 7823	Parisinus 7823, s. xv ineuntis
E	Berlin, SBB, Lat. 2o 252	Berlin Lat. 2° 252, s. xii	Escorialensis R.I.2, s. xiv
G	(G3 = the editors' siglum for a consensus)	—	Guelferbytanus Weissenburgensis 41, s. xv (= Peterson's G2)
G1	Wolfenbuttel, HAB, Cod. Guelf. 265.2 Extravagantes	Wolfenbüttel Extrav. 265.2	—
G2	Wolfenbuttel, HAB, Cod. Guelf. 41 Weissenburg	Wolfenbüttel Weissenburg 41	—
H	London, BL, Harley 2682	BL Harl. 2682, s. xi	Parisinus 16674, s. xiv/xv
K	London, BL, Harley 4105	BL Harl. 4105	—
L	Leiden, UB, Periz. F 12	Leiden Periz. F 12	—
O	Florence, BML, Conv. Soppr. 79 (= Lagomarsinianus 42, olim Badia 2618)	Laur. Conv. Soppr. 79	Laurentianus Conv. Sopp. 79, s. xiv/xv
R	Paris, BnF, Latin 7774A	Paris BnF Lat. 7774A, s. ix¹	—
S	Paris, BnF, Latin 7775	Paris BnF Lat. 7775, s. xii	—
Z	London, BL, Harley 4852	BL Harl. 4852	—
b	Florence, BNCF, Conv. Soppr. J.IV.4 (olim conv. S. Marci; Peterson: 'cod. S. Marci 255')	Florence Naz. Conv. Soppr. J IV 4	Bononiensis 2232, anni 1419
k	Paris, BnF, Latin 4588 (Peterson) / 4588A (Reeve)	Paris BnF Lat. 4588A	—
p	Paris, BnF, Latin 7776	Paris BnF Lat. 7776	Parisinus 7776, s. xi (Peterson's lower-case p)
q	Florence, BML, Plut. 48.29	Laur. Plut. 48.29, s. xv	—
r	London, BL, Harley 2687	BL Harl. 2687	Florentinus Riccardianus 499, c. 1425-1427
F	codex Fabricianus (so called)	Laur. Strozzi 44	Laurentianus Strozzianus 44, c. 1405
M	codex Metellianus (so called)	Modena Est. Lat. 328	Mutinensis Lat. 328, c. 1400
N	codex Nannianus (so called)	—	Parisinus 16226, s. xiv/xv

The census: every manuscript Reeve lists

Reeve's census lists 92 manuscripts of the Verrines and the first printed edition, and he also mentions 2 ancient fragments. Of these 94 manuscripts, 42 can be read online in their library's own facsimile. Each was checked on 2026-09-25: the viewer or IIIF manifest was fetched, its label read back as the same shelfmark, and the Verrines found in the item. 48 have no facsimile that could be found, 1 is digitised but can be seen only at its library, and 2 could not be checked yet; 1 untraced.

Grouped by the section of Reeve 2016 that places each one, under his own headings; an asterisk marks a manuscript absent from the list of Lopez & Piacente, as in his appendix. Where a library writes the shelfmark its own way, both forms are shown. A siglum links to its row above.

§ 1.1 · The French family (i): the descendants of S 19 · 10 online

Manuscript	Siglum	Facsimile	The Verrines begin
San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Real Biblioteca del Monasterio, R-I-2 Reeve: Escorial R I 2		viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	Div. f. 200v (col. b)
Frauenfeld, Kantonsbibliothek Thurgau, Y 227 Reeve: Frauenfeld Kantonsbibliothek Y 227 ⚠ The only catalogue record titles the codex 'Philippicorum liber' and does not list contents, so the Verrines content that Reeve reports is not stated there. A search for 'Cicero Frauenfeld Y 227' returns only this record.		no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
Leiden, Universitaire Bibliotheken, PER F 12 (Periz. F 12) Reeve: Leiden Periz. F 12 (L)	L	no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
London, British Library, Harley MS 4105 Reeve: London B. L. Harl. 4105 (K)	K	no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
London, British Library, Harley MS 4852 Reeve: London B. L. Harl. 4852 (Z)	Z	no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS. D'Orville 10 Reeve: Oxford Bodl. D´Orville 10		no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
Paris, BnF, Latin 7774A Reeve: Paris B. N. F. Lat. 7774A (R)	R	viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	Verr. 2.4 f. 1r ↗ · Verr. 2.5 f. 49r ↗
Paris, BnF, Latin 7775 Reeve: Paris B. N. F. Lat. 7775 (S)	S	viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	Verr. 2.1 f. 1r (from §90) ↗ · Verr. 2.4 f. 3r ↗ · Verr. 2.5 f. 16r ↗
Paris, BnF, Latin 7777 Reeve: Paris B. N. F. Lat. 7777		viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	Div. f. 2r ↗ · Verr. 1 f. 8r ↗ · Verr. 2.1 f. 13r ↗ · Verr. 2.4 f. 26r ↗ · Verr. 2.5 f. 45v ↗
Paris, BnF, Latin 7786 Reeve: Paris B. N. F. Lat. 7786 *		viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	Div. f. 19v ↗ · Verr. 1 f. 26v ↗ · Verr. 2.1 f. 32v ↗ · Verr. 2.2 f. 52r ↗ · Verr. 2.3 f. 74r ↗ · Verr. 2.4 f. 104r ↗ · Verr. 2.5 f. 127r ↗
Paris, BnF, Latin 7822 Reeve: Paris B. N. F. Lat. 7822		viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	Div. f. 5r ↗ · Verr. 1 f. 21v ↗ · Verr. 2.1 f. 36v ↗ · Verr. 2.4 f. 66r ↗ · Verr. 2.5 f. 113v ↗
Paris, BnF, Latin 7823 Reeve: Paris B. N. F. Lat. 7823 (D)	D	viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	Div. f. 1r ↗ · Verr. 1 f. 14v ↗ · Verr. 2.1 f. 26r ↗ · Verr. 2.4 f. 57r ↗ · Verr. 2.5 f. 101r ↗
Paris, BnF, Latin 16226 Reeve: Paris B. N. F. Lat. 16226 *		viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	Div. f. 137r ↗ · Verr. 1 f. 144v ↗ · Verr. 2.1 f. 151r ↗ · Verr. 2.4 f. 168r ↗ · Verr. 2.5 f. 194r ↗
Paris, BnF, Latin 16674 Reeve: Paris B. N. F. Lat. 16674		no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
Stuttgart, Württembergische Landesbibliothek, Cod. Don. 12 Reeve: Stuttgart Donaueschingen 12 *		no facsimile found · catalogue ↗	Div. f. 104
Vat.lat.1751 Reeve: Vatican Vat. Lat. 1751		viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	f. 1r ↗
Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 156 Reeve: Vienna 156		no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bibliothek, Cod. Guelf. 265.2 Extrav. Reeve: Wolfenbüttel Extrav. 265.2 (G1)	G1	no facsimile found · catalogue ↗	Div. f. 1r · Verr. 1 f. 20r · Verr. 2.4 f. 70r
Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bibliothek, Cod. Guelf. 41 Weiss. Reeve: Wolfenbüttel Weissenburg 41 (G2)	G2	viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	Div. f. 1r ↗

§ 1.2 · The French family (ii): its other members 5 · 3 online

Manuscript	Siglum	Facsimile	The Verrines begin
Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek, IX A 1 (fragment 1 of 3: the Bamberg piece) Reeve: Bamberg IX A 1 + Einsiedeln 1099 (44) fr. 1 + fr. in private hands *		viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗
Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Ms. lat. fol. 252 Reeve: Berlin Lat. 2o 252 (E)	E	viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	Verr. 2.3 f. 171r ↗
Firenze, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Conv. Soppr. 79 Reeve: Florence Laur. Conv. Soppr. 79	O	no facsimile found
London, British Library, Add MS 47678 (Reeve prints 'Add. 47679') + Geneva, Bibliothèque de Genève, Ms. lat. 169 Reeve: London B. L. Add. 47679 + Geneva Lat. 169 ⚠ Resolved as a slip in Reeve, who prints 'B. L. Add. 47679' both in § 1.2 and in Appendix 1. BL Add MS 47679 (https://searcharchives.bl.uk/catalog/040-002104027) is Holkham MS 411, Agrimensores Romani, 12th century, and has no Cicero. The Cluny codex C is Add MS 47678 (formerly Holkham 387; no. 498 in the 12th-century Cluny catalogue). Its BL record itself says that 'Geneva, Bibliothèque Publique et Universitaire, MS. lat. 169, a single leaf containing In Verrem II. iv, 40(86)-42(92), may once have belonged to the present MS' (citing G. Vaucher, 1931).	C	viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	Verr. 2.2 f. 28r ↗
London, British Library, Harley MS 2682 Reeve: London B. L. Harl. 2682 (H)	H	no facsimile found · catalogue ↗

§ 2.1 · The Italian family (i): p and its relatives 6 · 4 online

Manuscript	Siglum	Facsimile	The Verrines begin
Firenze, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Plut.48.29 Reeve: Florence Laur. Plut. 48.29 (q)	q	viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗	Div. f. 1r ↗
London, British Library, Harley MS 2687 Reeve: London B. L. Harl. 2687 (r)	r	no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
Montecassino, Archivio dell'Abbazia, Cod. 361 (Verrines leaves = pp. 219-222) Reeve: Montecassino 361		no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
Paris, BnF, Latin 4588A Reeve: Paris B. N. F. Lat. 4588A (k)	k	viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	Verr. 2.1 f. 83v (from §156) ↗ · Verr. 2.2 f. 76r ↗ · Verr. 2.3 f. 82v ↗ · Verr. 2.4 f. 66r (from §29) ↗ · Verr. 2.5 f. 71r (from §30) ↗
Paris, BnF, Latin 7776 Reeve: Paris B. N. F. Lat. 7776 (p)	p	viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	Div. f. 1r ↗ · Verr. 1 f. 9r ↗ · Verr. 2.1 f. 14v ↗ · Verr. 2.2 f. 38r ↗ · Verr. 2.3 f. 69v ↗ · Verr. 2.4 f. 112r ↗ · Verr. 2.5 f. 141v ↗
Vat.lat.1754 Reeve: Vatican Vat. Lat. 1754		viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	f. 1r ↗

§ 2.2.1.1 · Laur. Strozzi 44 (F) and Modena Est. Lat. 328 (M) 2 · 1 online

Manuscript	Siglum	Facsimile	The Verrines begin
Firenze, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Strozzi 44 Reeve: Florence Laur. Strozzi 44 (F)	F (Reeve)	no facsimile found
Modena, Biblioteca Estense Universitaria, Lat. 328 = α.F.8.6 (EDL: alfa.f.08.06) Reeve: Modena Est. Lat. 328 (M) *	M (Reeve)	viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	Div. f. 1r · Verr. 1 f. 7r

§ 2.2.1.2 · Descendants of M but not of F 3 · 0 online

Manuscript	Siglum	Facsimile	The Verrines begin
New York, Columbia University, Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Plimpton MS 101 Reeve: New York Columbia Plimpton 10 ⚠ Reeve's list and Appendix 1 read 'Plimpton 10', but Columbia's Plimpton MS 010 is a Greek Psalter fragment. Its DS record is titled 'Plimpton MS 010, Psalter', language grc, 1350-1399, with 1 image. Reeve's own text (§ 2.2.1.2 and n. 91) discusses 'Plimpton 101' and says it was never taken beyond II 3.45.18 illius provinciae necessarios, which matches Plimpton MS 101's explicit. This entry is therefore treated as Plimpton MS 101.		no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS. Canon. Class. Lat. 233 Reeve: Oxford Bodl. Canon. Class. Lat. 233		no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS. Canon. Class. Lat. 254 Reeve: Oxford Bodl. Canon. Class. Lat. 254 *		no facsimile found · catalogue ↗

§ 2.2.1.3.1 · Descendants of F that have in achaia at II 1.30.1-3 17 · 8 online

Manuscript	Facsimile	The Verrines begin
Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Ms. Ham. 172 Reeve: Berlin Ham 172	no facsimile found · catalogue ↗	Div. f. 1r
Besançon, Bibliothèque municipale (Bibliothèque d'étude et de conservation), Ms 531 Reeve: Besançon 531	no facsimile found · catalogue ↗	Div. f. 1r · Verr. 1 f. 10 · Verr. 2.1 f. 17v · Verr. 2.2 f. 42 · Verr. 2.3 f. 72 · Verr. 2.4 f. 111 · Verr. 2.5 f. 139
Bologna, Biblioteca Universitaria, Ms. 2234 Reeve: Bologna Univ. 2234	no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
Budapest, ELTE Egyetemi Könyvtár (University Library), Cod. Lat. 2 Reeve: Budapest Univ. Lat. 2	IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	Div. f. 1r
Firenze, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Fies. 187 Reeve: Florence Laur. Fies. 187	no facsimile found
Firenze, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Plut.48.14 Reeve: Florence Laur. Plut. 48.14	viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗	Div. f. 1r
Firenze, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Plut.23 sin.1 Reeve: Florence Laur. S. Croce 23 sin. 1	viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗	Div. f. 1r
Firenze, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Conv. Soppr. J.IX.8 Reeve: Florence Naz. Conv. Soppr. J IX 8 *	no facsimile found
Oxford, Balliol College, MS 248B Reeve: Oxford Balliol 248B	viewer ↗ · catalogue ↗	Div. f. 74r
San Daniele del Friuli, Civica Biblioteca Guarneriana, Ms. 58 (Guarneriano 58) Reeve: San Daniele del Friuli 58	viewer ↗ · catalogue ↗	Div. f. 1r · Verr. 1 f. 15r · Verr. 2.1 f. 27r · Verr. 2.2 f. 67v · Verr. 2.3 f. 117v · Verr. 2.4 f. 182v · Verr. 2.5 f. 228v
Chig.H.VIII.249 Reeve: Vatican Chig. H VIII 249	no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
Pal.lat.1487 Reeve: Vatican Pal. Lat. 1487	viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	f. 1r ↗
Urb.lat.321 Reeve: Vatican Urb. Lat. 321	viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	f. 72r ↗
Vat.lat.1749 Reeve: Vatican Vat. Lat. 1749	viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	f. 1r ↗
Venezia, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Lat. Z. 430 (=1833) Reeve: Venice Marc. Lat. Z 430 (1833) *	digitised; viewable only at the library · catalogue ↗
Venezia, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Lat. XI, 36 (=4518) Reeve: Venice Marc. Lat. XI 36 (4518) *	no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 139 Reeve: Vienna 139	no facsimile found · catalogue ↗

§ 2.2.1.3.2 · Descendants of F that have hic alter at II 1.30.1-3 15 · 8 online

Manuscript	Siglum	Facsimile	The Verrines begin
Brussels, KBR, ms. 10007-11 Reeve: Brussels 10007-11		no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
Firenze, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Conv. Soppr. J.IV.4 (BNCF Teca: 'Conv.Soppr.J.IV.4') Reeve: Florence Naz. Conv. Soppr. J IV 4 (b)	b	viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗	Div. f. 235v ↗ · Verr. 1 f. 244r ↗ · Verr. 2.1 f. 250v ↗ · Verr. 2.2 f. 273r ↗
Leiden, Universitaire Bibliotheken, BPL 16 D Reeve: Leiden B. P. L. 16D		viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	Div. f. 1r
London, British Library, Burney MS 158 Reeve: London B. L. Burn. 158		no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
Montecassino, Archivio dell'Abbazia (Biblioteca statale del Monumento nazionale di Montecassino), Cod. 340 Reeve: Montecassino 340		viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	Div. f. p. 1 · Verr. 1 f. p. 19
Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS. E. D. Clarke 21 Reeve: Oxford Bodl. E. D. Clarke 21		no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
Paris, BnF, Latin 17154 Reeve: Paris B. N. F. Lat. 17154		viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	Div. f. 280r ↗ · Verr. 1 f. 283v ↗ · Verr. 2.1 f. 286r ↗ · Verr. 2.2 f. 294v ↗ · Verr. 2.3 f. 306r ↗ · Verr. 2.4 f. 320v ↗ · Verr. 2.5 f. 330v ↗
Reims, Bibliothèque municipale (Bibliothèque Carnegie), Ms 1110 (olim J. 727) Reeve: Reims 1110		viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	Div. f. 2r
St. Gallen, Kantonsbibliothek Vadiana, VadSlg Ms 314 Reeve: St Gallen Vad. 314		no facsimile found · catalogue ↗	Div. f. 1r · Verr. 1 f. 7v · Verr. 2.1 f. 13v · Verr. 2.2 f. 34r · Verr. 2.3 f. 58v · Verr. 2.4 f. 90r · Verr. 2.5 f. 112v
Torino, Biblioteca Nazionale Universitaria, D.IV.2 Reeve: Turin Naz. D IV 2		no facsimile found
Ott.lat.1577 Reeve: Vatican Ottob. Lat. 1577		no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
Pal.lat.1476 Reeve: Vatican Pal. Lat. 1476		viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	f. 118r ↗
Vat.lat.1750 Reeve: Vatican Vat. Lat. 1750		viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	f. 1r ↗
Vat.lat.8509 Reeve: Vatican Vat. Lat. 8509		no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
Vat.lat.11421 Reeve: Vatican Vat. Lat. 11421		viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	f. 1r ↗

§ 2.2.2.1 · Bologna Univ. 2232 and its relatives 10 · 2 online

Manuscript	Facsimile	The Verrines begin
Bologna, Biblioteca Universitaria, ms. 2232 Reeve: Bologna Univ. 2232	no facsimile found
San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Real Biblioteca del Monasterio, N-II-16 Reeve: Escorial N II 16	no facsimile found
The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, 75 C 63 (request number KW 75 C 63) Reeve: The Hague 75 C 63 ⚠ The catalogue title is 'Orationes' only; the Verrines content that Reeve reports is not stated in the record.	no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
London, British Library, Harley MS 5428 Reeve: London B. L. Harl. 5428	no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
formerly Meiningen, Herzogliche (öffentliche) Bibliothek; present location unknown Reeve: Meiningen (untraced) *	untraced
Napoli, Biblioteca Nazionale Vittorio Emanuele III, ms. IV.B.15 Reeve: Naples Naz. IV B 15	not checkable yet
Pal.lat.1490 Reeve: Vatican Pal. Lat. 1490	viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	f. 111r ↗
Vat.lat.1753 Reeve: Vatican Vat. Lat. 1753	viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	f. 1r ↗
Venezia, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana, Lat. XI, 99 (=3830) Reeve: Venice Marc. Lat. XI 99 (3830) *	no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 64 Reeve: Vienna 64	no facsimile found · catalogue ↗

§ 2.2.2.2 · The family of Ricc. 499 9 · 5 online

Manuscript	Facsimile	The Verrines begin
Cesena, Biblioteca Malatestiana, S.XVIII.2 (pluteo S.XVIII, 2) Reeve: Cesena S. 18.2	viewer ↗ · catalogue ↗	Div. f. 1r · Verr. 1 f. 12r · Verr. 2.1 f. 21r · Verr. 2.2 f. 51r · Verr. 2.3 f. 89v · Verr. 2.4 f. 141v · Verr. 2.5 f. 176v
Firenze, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Edili 208 Reeve: Florence Laur. Edili 208	no facsimile found
Firenze, Biblioteca Riccardiana, Ricc. 499 (Teca: 'Ricc.499'; identifier IT-FI0094_Ricc.499) Reeve: Florence Ricc. 499	viewer ↗ · catalogue ↗	Div. f. 1r
Napoli, Biblioteca Nazionale Vittorio Emanuele III, ms. IV.B.10 (Farnese) Reeve: Naples Naz. IV B 10 *	not checkable yet · catalogue ↗	Div. f. 1r · Verr. 1 f. 12v
Toledo, Archivo y Biblioteca Capitulares, 100-17 Reeve: Toledo Capit. 100-17	no facsimile found
Reg.lat.1525 Reeve: Vatican Reg. Lat. 1525	viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	f. 1r ↗
Vat.lat.1752 Reeve: Vatican Vat. Lat. 1752	viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	f. 1r ↗
Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 4 (olim Philol. 2) Reeve: Vienna 4	no facsimile found · catalogue ↗	Div. f. 218 · Verr. 1 f. 223 · Verr. 2.1 f. 228 · Verr. 2.2 f. 242 · Verr. 2.3 f. 259 · Verr. 2.4 f. 282 · Verr. 2.5 f. 298
Basel, Universitätsbibliothek, UBH Inc 404: a copy of Cicero, Orationes, Rome, Sweynheym & Pannartz, [May-July] 1471 (ISTC ic00541000 = Goff C541 = GW 6761) Reeve: ed. Rom. 1471 (ISTC ic00541000; the abbreviation stands for the Incunabula Short Title Catalogue, on line from the British Library) *	viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗	Div. f. unfoliated · Verr. 1 f. unfoliated · Verr. 2.1 f. unfoliated · Verr. 2.2 f. unfoliated · Verr. 2.3 f. unfoliated · Verr. 2.4 f. unfoliated · Verr. 2.5 f. unfoliated

§ 2.2.2.3 · Other members of the second family 3 · 1 online

Manuscript	Facsimile	The Verrines begin
Berlin, Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Ms. lat. quart. 154 (catalogue form 'Ms. lat. qu. 154') Reeve: Berlin Lat. 4o 154 *	no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
Firenze, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Plut.48.27 Reeve: Florence Laur. Plut. 48.27	viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗	Div. f. 1r
Milano, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, B 121 sup. Reeve: Milan Ambros. B 121 sup.	no facsimile found · catalogue ↗

§ 2.2.3 · Other deteriores 2 · 0 online

Manuscript	Siglum	Facsimile	The Verrines begin
London, British Library, Kings MS 22 Reeve: London B. L. King´s 22 *		no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
Ott.lat.2842 Reeve: Vatican Ottob. Lat. 2842		no facsimile found · catalogue ↗

§ 2.2.4 · Two unplaced manuscripts 2 · 0 online

Manuscript	Siglum	Facsimile	The Verrines begin
Probably Indianapolis, The Remnant Trust, no. 0755 (olim Phillipps 16070), per the Schoenberg Database Reeve: Phillipps 16070 * ⚠ The present location rests on the SDBM's grouping of entries (0 user confirmations) and on the match of scribe, place and date: Johannes Nydenna, Padua, 1476, against Reeve's 'written at Padua by Iohannes Nydenna de Confluentia' as a companion to Abbey J. A. 276 (dated 1476). The Remnant Trust does not print the Phillipps number.		no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
Siracusa, Archivio di Stato (8 leaves of a mid-15th-century manuscript) Reeve: Siracusa Archivio di Stato frr. *		no facsimile found

The two ancient fragments Reeve also mentions 2 · 1 online

Manuscript	Siglum	Facsimile	The Verrines begin
Milano, Università degli Studi (Statale), P. Mil. Vogl. inv. 1190: parchment codex fragment (CLA Add. 1839; TM 59454 = LDAB 553; MP3 2920.100) Reeve: P. Mil. Vogl. Inv. 1190		no facsimile found · catalogue ↗
Vatican, BAV, Reg.lat.2077 Reeve: Vatican Reg. Lat. 2077 (V)	V	viewer ↗ · IIIF ↗ · catalogue ↗

Evidence

Peterson's three sigla lists, photographed from the 1917 Oxford text, because an OCR text layer loses the subscripts that carry the meaning — G₁ and G₂ are different manuscripts, and plain text renders both as “G,”. Peterson 1917 is in the public domain.

Reeve 2016 and Watson 2025 are not reproduced here. Reeve's article carries no licence grant of any kind, and Watson's volume carries an explicit Cambridge University Press notice that no part may be reproduced without written permission. Their sigla appear above as facts, which are not copyrightable; their pages do not.

Sigla per libros priores (1 of 2) — the S-family, and Ψ defined

Sigla per libros priores (2 of 2) — p q r π b, and δ = deteriores

Sigla per libros IV–V — Ψ again, and RG₁G₂L = G³

Div. Caec. 5, apparatus: “videor et prG₁ : video me et DΨ” — Peterson subscripts every G

Beyond the census

Carriers of the Verrines met during the repository surveys that neither the editions' sigla nor Reeve's census list.

Shelfmark	Contents	Access
London, BL, Papyrus 2057	In Verrem 2.1.1-4, 7-9 (fragments)	digitised but unavailable since the BL cyber-attack (catalogue facet 'Yes (unavailable)') Not among the Peterson/Reeve/Watson sigla on this page.

Struck as fabricated

Recorded rather than quietly deleted, so the removal is auditable.

Siglum	Shipped as	Why removed
Y	'(hypothetical) Cod. Y'	Not a siglum in Reeve's Appendix 1; no shelfmark; unsourceable.
P	'Codex Parisinus', s. xi-xii	Generic; no shelfmark; not in Reeve's siglum index.