de pecuniis repetundis4×
on money to be recovered - the standing charge, and the name of the court关于追还款项，即本案罪名与法庭之名
Running words全篇词次
5,818
Distinct headwords词目
978
Already in the core 1000核心千词之内
470
Beyond the core核心之外
461
Sources of these figures. Cicero, Divinatio in Q. Caecilium, Perseus phi0474.phi004, 73 sections; headwords assigned with the latin-macronizer morphological table; the core list is the DCC Latin Core Vocabulary (997 headwords). No figure here is an estimate: each is a count over that text.本图所本。西塞罗《控凯基利乌斯预审篇》，Perseus phi0474.phi004，凡七十三节；词目之归并用 latin-macronizer 形态表；核心词表为狄金森拉丁核心词表，共 997 目。此处诸数皆非估算，各为就该文本所作之统计。
Where the new words fall生词分布
Each bar is one section. Height is the number of beyond-core headwords that first appear there. Choose a section to list them.每一柱为一节。柱高为该节首见的核心外词目之数。点选一节即列其词。
Sources of this figure. The same count, by section: bar height is the number of beyond-core headwords whose first occurrence in the speech falls in that section. Section numbers are the Perseus divisions and link into this site's reader.本图所本。仍是同一统计，按节分列：柱高为该节首见的核心外词目之数。节号即 Perseus 的分节，可链至本站读本。
The word lists词表
One table, ten ways in. Every row opens to show the sentence where the word first appears, the forms the speech actually uses, and the sections it runs through; the section numbers link into the reader at that place.一表而十门入。每行可展开，示其首见之句、篇中实际所用之形、以及所历各节；节号可直接跳至读本相应之处。
Phrases and formulae语式与固定表达
Word sequences that recur. The first group are formulae with a life outside this speech — the name of the court, the standing phrase for the provincials, the connective Cicero reaches for at every turn of the argument. The second is every content-bearing sequence the text repeats.全篇重复出现的词组。前一组是本篇之外亦自有其命的定式：法庭之名、称行省人的成语、以及论证转折处西塞罗惯用的接续语。后一组则是文中重复出现而含实词的全部组合。
Formulae worth knowing值得记诵的定式
populi Romani10×
of the Roman people - the possessor of the allies' friendship and of the court's authority罗马人民的，盟邦之谊与法庭之权皆系于此
rei publicae7×
of the commonwealth - what a prosecution is supposed to serve国家的，控告本应为之服务者
sociorum atque amicorum3×
of allies and friends - the standing formula for the provincials in Roman public language盟邦与友邦的，罗马公文语中称行省人的定式
actorem causae3×
the conductor of the case - the office the divinatio actually assigns案件的主持人，预审所要指定的正是此职
ad accusandum3×
to prosecuting - the gerund Cicero uses of his own descent into the prosecutor's part去控告，西塞罗以此动名词说自己下场任控告人
quam ob rem6×
for which reason - the speech's commonest connective at a turn in the argument因此，全篇论证转折处最常用的接续语
quem ad modum4×
in what manner, just as如何，正如
non modo13×
not only - with sed etiam, the commonest amplifying frame in the speech不但，与 sed etiam 相配，是全篇最常用的递进格式
eius modi4×
of that kind这一类的
Everything the text repeats文中重复者
Every sequence of two to four words the speech uses more than once, given the same treatment as a headword: the sentence it first stands in, a reading of its members with their own definitions, and every section it occurs in. Sequences that are a unit worth learning — a formula of the court, an idiom, a construction — carry a gloss and are labelled; the rest are repetitions the count found, and are not glossed, because a run like caecili non is a fact about the text and not a phrase of Latin.凡全篇用过一次以上的二至四词的连语，皆依词条之例处理：录其首见之句，逐词列出各自的释义，并具其所在各节。其中成一单位而值得记诵者，如法庭定式、习语、句式，皆系以释义并标其类；其余则只是统计所得的重复，不予释义，因为像 caecili non 这样的连读只是文本的事实，并非拉丁语的成语。
Friends, rivals and precedents友朋、敌手与旧例
Every person the speech names, with what the speech says about them. Cicero's argument in the second half is carried almost entirely by names: cases in which the court chose one prosecutor over another, and men who took up a province's quarrel as their own.篇中所提每一人物，并录本篇对其人所言。后半的论证几乎全靠人名支撑：法庭舍此取彼的旧案，以及以行省之怨为己怨的前人。
In this case本案中人
C. Verres 维雷斯
The defendant: praetor in Sicily 73-71 BC, on trial de repetundis. Cicero names him about thirty times; the speech is arranged so that Verres' guilt is assumed and never argued.被告，公元前 73 至 71 年任西西里长官，因勒索受审。西塞罗提到他约三十次；全篇预设其有罪，从不论证。
Q. Caecilius Niger 凯基利乌斯
Cicero's rival for the prosecution, and Verres' own quaestor in Sicily. The speech addresses him directly for most of its length.与西塞罗争夺控告权的人，曾任维雷斯在西西里的财务官。全篇大半以第二人称直呼其名。
the Sicilians 西西里人
Cicero's clients, and the party whose wrong is at issue. They come to him, he says, because he was their quaestor and left the province well thought of.西塞罗的当事人，冤情的所属。他说他们来找他，是因为他曾任其地财务官，离任时人望甚好。
Agonis of Lilybaeum 阿戈尼斯
A freedwoman of Venus Erycina whose property Caecilius, as quaestor, adjudged to the goddess and sold. Sections 55-57 tell the story; it is Cicero's proof that Caecilius' own quarrel with Verres is not a wrong worth avenging.厄吕克斯维纳斯神庙的释奴。凯基利乌斯任财务官时判其人其产归神，随即变卖。第 55 至 57 节述其事，用以证明凯基利乌斯与维雷斯的私怨不足以为控告之由。
Potamo 波塔蒙
Caecilius' clerk and friend, kept back in the province by Verres when Caecilius left it (section 29) - one of Cicero's signs of collusion.凯基利乌斯的书吏兼友人。凯氏离任时被维雷斯留在行省（第 29 节），是西塞罗所举串通之象之一。
L. Appuleius 阿普列乌斯
Named at section 47 as Caecilius' next subscriptor: a beginner not in years but in forensic practice.第 47 节点名为凯基利乌斯的副控告人：论年岁不算新手，论法庭历练则是新手。
In the room在庭之人
C. Marcellus 马尔凯路斯
Sitting on the panel, and named at section 13 as a witness to the Sicilians' approach. The Marcelli were the hereditary patrons of the province.在审判团中，第 13 节被点名为西西里人来访的见证。马尔凯路斯家族世代为该行省的保护人。
Cn. Lentulus Marcellinus 楞图路斯·马尔凯利努斯
Named in the same sentence as present in court; Cicero calls on men in the room rather than on absent authorities.同一句中被点名，在场旁听。西塞罗宁可援引在场之人，不援引不在场的权威。
Held up as models所举楷模
L. Licinius Crassus 克拉苏
With Antonius, the pair of great orators Cicero holds up at section 25 as the model Caecilius' side ought to imitate: men who brought nothing to a friend's case but good faith and talent.与安东尼乌斯并举，为第 25 节所立的楷模：为友人辩护，除信义与才具之外别无所恃。
M. Antonius 安东尼乌斯
The other of the two orators of section 25. A praefectus of an Antonius also appears at section 55 in the Agonis story.第 25 节所举二位演说家之一。第 55 节阿戈尼斯故事中另有一位安东尼乌斯的将佐。
Q. Mucius Scaevola 穆奇乌斯·斯凯沃拉
A byword for the upright governor: at section 57 Cicero says that so far in the story it was not Verres but Q. Mucius who was acting.廉正长官的代称。第 57 节说，故事讲到此处，行事的不像维雷斯，倒像昆图斯·穆奇乌斯。
The precedents at §§63–69第 63 至 69 节所举旧例
L. Philo 菲洛
Section 63: refused the right to lay the charge against C. Servilius. One of three refusals Cicero lists in a single sentence.第 63 节：被拒绝控告塞尔维利乌斯之权。西塞罗在一句之内举出三个这样的例子。
M. Aurelius Scaurus 奥雷利乌斯·斯考鲁斯
Section 63: likewise refused, against L. Flaccus.第 63 节：同样被拒，其对象为弗拉库斯。
Cn. Pompeius 庞培
Section 63: refused against T. Albucius, though he had been Albucius' quaestor - the precedent closest to Caecilius' own position. C. Iulius was preferred because the Sardinians had asked for him.第 63 节：控告阿尔布奇乌斯被拒，而他正是阿氏的财务官，与凯基利乌斯的处境最为相似。法庭改选尤利乌斯，因为撒丁人请了他。
C. Iulius 尤利乌斯
Section 63: chosen over Pompeius because the provincials had asked him to take the case - Cicero's exact parallel for himself.第 63 节：法庭舍庞培而取之，因为行省人请他出面，正与西塞罗自比。
L. Calpurnius Piso 皮索
Section 64: given the charge against P. Gabinius over a rival who pleaded old enmities, because the Achaeans had adopted him as their patron.第 64 节：与人争控加比尼乌斯，对方自陈宿怨，法庭仍取皮索，因为阿凯亚人已认他为保护人。
M. Porcius Cato 老加图
Section 66: incurred serious enmities on account of wrongs done to the Spaniards, among whom he had been consul.第 66 节：为西班牙人所受之冤结下重怨，他曾在其地任执政官。
P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus 小西庇阿
Section 69: after two consulships and a censorship he called L. Cotta into court. Cicero uses him to answer the charge that prosecuting is beneath a man of standing.第 69 节：两任执政官、一任监察官之后仍传科塔到庭。西塞罗以此回应控告有失身分之说。
P. Lentulus 楞图路斯
Section 69: as princeps senatus he prosecuted M'. Aquilius, with C. Rutilius Rufus as his subscriptor.第 69 节：以元老院首席之尊控告阿奎利乌斯，副控告人为鲁提利乌斯·鲁富斯。
M'. Aquilius 阿奎利乌斯
Section 69: the defendant in that case.第 69 节：该案的被告。
C. Rutilius Rufus 鲁提利乌斯·鲁富斯
Section 69: subscriptor to Lentulus. The name appears here as Rutilio Rufo, split across two lemmas in the table.第 69 节：楞图路斯的副控告人。原文作 Rutilio Rufo，在词表中分属两条。
L. Aurelius Cotta 科塔
Section 69: the man Africanus called into court.第 69 节：西庇阿传到庭上的人。
P. Gabinius 加比尼乌斯
Section 64: the defendant in the case Piso was given.第 64 节：皮索获准控告的对象。
Gods and temples神祇与神庙
Venus of Eryx 维纳斯
The temple whose freedwoman Agonis was, and in whose name she claimed protection. The Venerii of section 55 are the temple's people.阿戈尼斯所属神庙。她以女神之名求庇。第 55 节的 Venerii 即神庙所属之人。
Iuppiter 尤庇特
Invoked once, at section 43, in an exclamation.仅第 43 节呼告一次。
The concepts the speech argues in全篇立论所据的概念
Groupings over the same counted words. Nothing here adds a word to the text: each group gathers lemmas that do occur, and the counts and sections are the computed ones.以下诸组皆就已统计之词分类。此处不曾为原文增一字：每组所收皆篇中实有之词，其频次与所在各节亦皆出自统计。
The bond that licenses a prosecution起诉的名分
Cicero does not argue that Verres is guilty; that is for the trial proper. He argues that the tie between himself and Sicily obliges him to speak, and that Caecilius has no such tie.西塞罗此篇不论维雷斯有罪与否，那是正案的事。他要证明的是自己与西西里之间的关系使他不得不出面，而凯基利乌斯并无这样的关系。
Standing before the court在法庭上的分量
What a man brings with him when he stands up: reputation already earned, the weight his name carries, the honour at stake in the outcome.一个人站起来说话时带着什么：已有的名声、名字的分量、胜负所系的体面。
The equipment of the speaker辩才的装备
The Divinatio is largely an examination of Caecilius as a speaker. These are the terms in which the examination is conducted.这篇演说大半是在考校凯基利乌斯能不能开口。以下就是考校所用的词。
The wrong suffered所受的冤
Iniuria is the commonest content word in the speech after the words for prosecuting. Whose wrong it is, and who may avenge it, is the question the speech turns on.除去指控一类的词，iniuria 是全篇最常见的实词。冤是谁的冤、谁有资格去雪，正是全篇的关节。
The vices named所斥之恶
Section 3 lists what Sicily says it suffered under Verres in four words; the rest of the vice vocabulary is thin, because this speech is not yet the accusation.第 3 节用四个词说尽西西里在维雷斯手下所受的苦。此外恶德之词甚少，因为这篇还不是正式的控辞。
The true prosecutor and the false真控与伪控
Verus runs through the middle of the speech as a test: a real prosecutor wants a conviction, and everything about Caecilius suggests that he does not.verus 一词贯穿中段，是一道试题：真要控告的人是想定罪的，而凯基利乌斯处处显得并不想。
Institutions and procedure制度与程序
The words that name Roman things rather than describe them: the court, the parts of a prosecution, the standing of a province. These are the words a reader loses most by glossing loosely.以下诸词所指为罗马制度之实，非泛泛描摹：法庭、控告的分工、行省的地位。此类词若译得含糊，读者所失最多。
The extortion court勒索案法庭
The standing court de pecuniis repetundis, before which this hearing takes place. The speech names the procedure by its formula four times.本次听审所在的常设法庭，即 de pecuniis repetundis。全篇四次以这一定式称呼该程序。
Who does what in a prosecution控方的角色
The words for the parts a Roman prosecution was divided into. Note that divinatio itself never occurs in the speech: the name of the procedure comes from the grammarians, not from Cicero.罗马控告分工的名目。请注意 divinatio 一词全篇不见：这一程序的名称出自文法家，不出自西塞罗。
Province, allies, empire行省、盟邦与帝国
Cicero's claim rests on a relation between Rome and the provincials, and the vocabulary of that relation is the vocabulary of obligation, not of rule.西塞罗的主张建立在罗马与行省人之间的关系上，而说这层关系所用的词，是义务之词，不是统治之词。
Custom and precedent旧例与故事
From section 63 to the peroration the argument is carried by precedent: cases in which the court chose a prosecutor, and the men who prosecuted for allies.自第 63 节至结语，论证靠的是先例：法庭选定控告人的旧案，以及为盟邦出面控告的前人。
Rhetoric and style修辞与文体
47 figures of speech and of argument, drawn from the reader's own section-by-section commentary: a figure is listed here only where that commentary names it, and each hit shows the sentence in which it does. Choose a figure to see where it is at work.修辞与论证之法共 47 目，皆取自读本逐节的注释：惟注释明言者始列于此，并附其言之之句。点选一目，即见其所在。
Other things the count shows统计所见之他事
Three readings that fall out of the same table. What kind of word the speech spends its length on; which words hold the whole speech together; and which heavy words belong to one passage and are then dropped.同一统计尚可见三事：全篇的词次用在哪一类词上；哪些词贯串全篇；以及哪些分量不轻之词只属于某一段，此后便不再出现。
Sources of this figure. Share of the 5,818 running words by part of speech, taken from the part of speech of the headword each token was assigned to; the morphological table is the latin-macronizer's, which is Morpheus-derived.本图所本。全篇 5,818 词次按词性所占之比，依各词次所归词目的词性统计；所用形态表为 latin-macronizer 之表，其源出 Morpheus。
Words that hold the speech together贯串全篇之词
Headwords that appear in the largest number of sections. Choose one to open its entry.所历节数最多的词目。点选其一，即开其条。
Heavy words confined to one passage重词而只属一段者
Beyond-core words said three times or more, all within one or two sections: the vocabulary of a single stretch of argument, such as the Agonis story at §§55–56 or the questioning at §§15 and 21.核心之外而三见以上、且只在一二节之内者，即某一段论证所专用之词，如第 55 至 56 节阿戈尼斯故事，或第 15、21 节的诘问。
The sections by length各节长短
Running words per section. The longest sections are where the argument slows to tell a story or to list precedents.每节词次。最长的几节，正是论证放缓而叙事或列举旧例之处。
Method and sources方法与出处
Text. Perseus phi0474.phi004.perseus-lat2, the 73 sections of the Divinatio in Q. Caecilium, taken from this library's teaching corpus with apparatus, Greek and deleted text stripped. The count of running words is 5,818.底本。Perseus phi0474.phi004.perseus-lat2，即《控凯基利乌斯预审篇》七十三节，取自本站教学语料库，已去校勘记、希腊文与删节之文。全篇词次为 5,818。
Lemmatisation. The latin-macronizer morphological table, which is Morpheus-derived. Where a form admits several readings the choice is settled by how the rest of Cicero uses it, estimated over 1.1 million words of his speeches; capitalisation away from the start of a sentence routes a form to a proper name. Readings that share every form and so leave the corpus nothing to go on — ita against ito, ne against neo — are settled by preferring the word the core list teaches.词形还原。用 latin-macronizer 的形态表，其源出 Morpheus。一形数解者，以西塞罗其余演说中的用法定之，估计所据约一百一十万词次；句中而非句首之大写，则归入专名。若数解共用全部词形，语料无从判别，如 ita 与 ito、ne 与 neo，则取核心词表所教者。
Which sense. A gloss table gives a word's first dictionary sense, which for actor is ‘a driver’ — right for a man driving cattle, wrong for every court in Cicero. Each entry here is set against Lewis and Short's own division of the word, and the sense shown is that sense's wording, quoted. Where the dictionary cites this speech, or where the translation of the sections in question already uses the sense's words, the row says so; the thirty-two words where the choice is the editor's are marked as such, and the general sense is kept beside them. The same table corrects the gloss the readers show site-wide.取何义项。词表通常给出一词的首义，如 actor 作“赶车者”：用于赶牲口的人不错，用于西塞罗笔下的法庭则全非。此处每一条皆与《路易斯与肖特拉丁词典》所分义项相对，所示之义即该义项的原文。若词典于该义项下引及本篇，或该义项的措辞正与相关各节的译文相合，行中皆予注明；其中三十二词由本表编者指定，亦一一标出，并存其泛义于旁。同一张表也订正了本站各读本所显示的词义。
Core list. The DCC Latin Core Vocabulary, 997 headwords. Of this speech's 931 common-noun headwords, 470 are on that list.核心词表。狄金森拉丁核心词表，凡 997 目。本篇普通词目 931 个，其中 470 个在该表之内。
Weight. The weight-bearing list is log-likelihood keyness against the rest of Cicero's speeches in the same corpus: a word is listed when it is used here more than his usage elsewhere would predict, at the conventional threshold of 3.84. It measures what this speech is about, not what is hard.分量。分量所在之表，用对数似然比与同一语料中西塞罗其余演说相较：某词于此篇所用多于他篇用法所应有者，即列入，取常用之阈值 3.84。此法所量者为本篇所论之事，非其难易。
What is left out. 13 token-forms are not in the morphological table and are counted in the running total but carry no headword: the praenomen abbreviations, HS, and four ordinary words (facessieris, Lilybitana, prevaricatorem, Aegritomari). That is the whole of the residue.未能归目者。形态表所无者 13 形，计入词次而不入词目：即人名缩写、HS，以及四个寻常之词（facessieris、Lilybitana、prevaricatorem、Aegritomari）。所余仅此。
Build. The counts are produced by scripts/analyze_divinatio_vocab.py into vocabulary/data/divinatio-vocab.json; this page is generated from that file by scripts/build_divinatio_vocab_page.py, together with the curated groupings and the reader's own commentary. The page never asserts a word, a section or a figure that those files do not contain.生成。统计由 scripts/analyze_divinatio_vocab.py 写入 vocabulary/data/divinatio-vocab.json；本页由 scripts/build_divinatio_vocab_page.py 据该文件、人工分组与读本注释生成。凡此三者所无之词、之节、之法，本页概不称说。