Learn 学习 Curriculum 课程地图 Teach 教学 Ancient prose 古代散文 Words & resources 词语与资源 Sources & research 文献与研究 TUTORIAL 教程 02
Describe a noun and its possessor 描述名词及其归属 Describe the soldiers; then identify whose camp it is. Keep agreement and possession separate. 先描述士兵，再说明营地属于谁。把形容词一致关系与所属关系分开处理。
Useful preparation: 学习准备： Who does what? 谁做什么？
1 · Understand 理解 2 · Write 写作 3 · Compare 比较 4 · Practise 练习 Latin · 拉丁语 Greek · 希腊语
Understand and construct 理解并组织 The brave soldiers guard the general’s camp. 勇敢的士兵守卫将军的营地。
Vocabulary 词汇 fortis, forte: brave / 勇敢的 mīles, mīlitis m.: soldier / 士兵 castra, -ōrum n. plural: camp / 营地 dux, ducis m.: general / 将军 custōdiō, custōdīre: guard / 守卫 Build the construction 组织结构 Agree fortēs with nominative plural mīlitēs. fortēs 与主格复数 mīlitēs 保持一致。 Use castra as an accusative plural object; this noun names a camp in the plural. castra 作宾格复数宾语；该名词以复数形式表示营地。 Use ducis to identify the possessor and custōdiunt for the plural subject. 用 ducis 说明归属；复数主语搭配 custōdiunt。 Explore meanings and constructions 查读词义及搭配 Vocabulary 词汇 ἀνδρεῖος, -α, -ον: brave / 勇敢的 στρατιώτης, -ου m.: soldier / 士兵 στρατηγός, -οῦ m.: general / 将军 στρατόπεδον, -ου n.: camp / 营地 φυλάττω: guard / 守卫 Build the construction 组织结构 Put the adjective between article and noun: οἱ ἀνδρεῖοι στρατιῶται. 把形容词放在冠词和名词之间：οἱ ἀνδρεῖοι στρατιῶται 。 Use the neuter singular object τὸ στρατόπεδον. 营地用中性单数宾语 τὸ στρατόπεδον 。 Insert the possessor τοῦ στρατηγοῦ inside that article–noun group. 把所属成分 τοῦ στρατηγοῦ 放进该冠词与名词组合。 Explore meanings and constructions 查读词义及搭配 Write your draft 写下草稿 Your composition 你的写作 Your Latin and Greek attempts save separately in this browser. 拉丁语及希腊语尝试分别保存在本浏览器中。
Save this revision 保存此版本 Export all my responses 导出全部作答 Check selected word 查看选中的词
Export data 导出数据 If the download does not appear, copy this JSON and save it as a .json file. 如未出现下载，可复制此 JSON 并保存为 .json 文件。
JSON Select JSON 选中 JSON
Compare your choices 比较你的选择 Read one possible answer and its reasoning 查看一种可能的例答及解释 Fortēs mīlitēs castra ducis custōdiunt.
A genitive is not always possession: the same case can express other noun relations. Identify the relation in this sentence. 属格并不总表示所属，也能表达其他名词关系。这里需具体判断其关系。
οἱ ἀνδρεῖοι στρατιῶται τὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ στρατόπεδον φυλάττουσιν.
τοῦ στρατηγοῦ is an article plus a noun, not “one word.” The genitive phrase identifies the possessor.τοῦ στρατηγοῦ 由冠词和名词构成，并非“一个词”；此属格短语指出所有者。
This is an authored example; other answers may preserve the intended meaning and fit the context. 此为编写示例；其他答案也可能保留预期意义，并符合语境。
Change one choice, then connect the choices 改变一项选择，再把选择连接起来 Variation 1 变化练习 1 Make the soldier singular. 把士兵改为单数。
Show a hint 查看提示 Castra remains plural: camp is a plural noun here. Castra 仍为复数：此处“营地”为复数名词。
Use singular στρατιώτης and φυλάττει. 用单数 στρατιώτης 及 φυλάττει 。
Your attempt for variation 1 变化练习 1 的作答
Compare with one possible answer 与一种可能的答案比较 Fortis mīles castra ducis custōdit.
Fortis and custōdit change with mīles. Castra is not changed to castrum. Fortis 和 custōdit 随 mīles 调整；不把 castra 改为 castrum。
ὁ ἀνδρεῖος στρατιώτης τὸ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ στρατόπεδον φυλάττει.
The subject and verb become singular; the possessor remains genitive. 主语及动词变为单数；所属者保留属格。
Variation 2 变化练习 2 Make the camp belong to the citizens. 把营地改为属于公民们。
Show a hint 查看提示 Cīvium is genitive plural of cīvis. Cīvium 是 cīvis 的属格复数。
Use genitive plural τῶν πολιτῶν. 用属格复数 τῶν πολιτῶν 。
Your attempt for variation 2 变化练习 2 的作答
Compare with one possible answer 与一种可能的答案比较 Fortēs mīlitēs castra cīvium custōdiunt.
The possessor changes to a genitive plural; camp remains the object. 所属者改为属格复数；营地仍为宾语。
οἱ ἀνδρεῖοι στρατιῶται τὸ τῶν πολιτῶν στρατόπεδον φυλάττουσιν.
The article and possessor are genitive plural inside the camp phrase. 营地短语中的冠词及所属者用属格复数。
Variation 3 变化练习 3 Make the general, rather than the soldiers, brave. 把“勇敢”改为修饰将军，而非士兵。
Show a hint 查看提示 Fortis must agree with genitive ducis. Fortis 须与属格 ducis 一致。
Put ἀνδρείου with genitive στρατηγοῦ. 把 ἀνδρείου 放入属格 στρατηγοῦ 短语。
Your attempt for variation 3 变化练习 3 的作答
Compare with one possible answer 与一种可能的答案比较 Mīlitēs castra fortis ducis custōdiunt.
The adjective now belongs to the possessor phrase, changing who is described. 形容词现属于所属短语，所描述之人改变。
οἱ στρατιῶται τὸ τοῦ ἀνδρείου στρατηγοῦ στρατόπεδον φυλάττουσιν.
The genitive adjective describes the general, not the nominative soldiers. 属格形容词描述将军，而非主格士兵。
Grammar references and review status 语法参考及审阅状态 Woodcock §72 — Possessive genitive; this section does not supply the whole rule of adjective agreement. 所属属格；本节并不承担形容词一致关系的全部规则。 Smyth §1154 — Attributive position within the article–noun group. 冠词与名词组合中的定语位置。 Smyth §1297 — Ownership, possession, and belonging expressed by a genitive. 属格表达所有、占有和归属。 Original examples and explanations remain drafts pending independent language review. 编写例答及解释仍为草案，等待独立语言审阅。
Keep or analyse a response elsewhere 保存作答或送往其他工作区分析 Choose one response to export as a Syntax Studio source. Only that text is included; reflections and model answers stay outside this export. Import and a composition fork remain explicit actions in Cursus. 选择一项作答，导出为 Syntax Studio 的源文本。只包含所选文本，不含反思或例答。在 Cursus 中，导入及建立写作分支仍须明确操作。
Response to analyse 准备分析的作答 Main draft · 主草稿 Variation 1 · 变化练习 1 Variation 2 · 变化练习 2 Variation 3 · 变化练习 3 Export selected text for Syntax Studio 为 Syntax Studio 导出所选文本
Restore a draft file 恢复草稿文件 Writing and browser saving need JavaScript. The vocabulary, steps and answers remain readable.
Previous: 上一课： Who does what? 谁做什么？ Next: 下一课： Distinguish the thing given from its recipient 区分所给予之物与接受者