1. Metadata1. 元数据
2. Latin text — Tabula Hebana (verbatim text-layer extracts)
Four separated blocks from the rogatio — opening posthumous-honors enumeration, centuriae-creation clause, lex-amendment-by-reference clause, and ritual/funerary clauses. The blocks below are individually extracted from E&J 1949 and are NOT a continuous passage; they are intervening clauses in the rogatio. Editorial markup preserved verbatim — square brackets = restored text, vertical bars (|/||) = E&J's column-break markers.
Ehrenberg & Jones 1949 Doc. 365 (verbatim text-layer)Ehrenberg & Jones 1949, Doc. 365 ADDENDUM opening (verbatim text-layer extract from the in-folder PDF, beginning at char 440052):
"365. Rogatio in honour of Germanicus, A.D. 19-20, Heba (Etruria).
Notizie degli Scavi, lxxii (ser. 8, vol. 1), 1947, 49 ff."
Ehrenberg & Jones 1949 Doc. 365 (verbatim text-layer)Opening clauses — posthumous honors enumeration (verbatim text-layer, lines 1-6 of EJ 1949 Doc 365):
"[....... uti]q. in porticu quae est ad Apollinis in eo templo in quo senatus haberi sole[t ..... | ..... viri i]nlustris ingeni Germanici Caesaris et Drusi Germanici patris eius natural[is Ti. Cae|saris Aug. fratris] qui ipse quoq. fecundi ingeni fuit imagines ponantur supra capita columna[rum qui]bus simulac[rum Apol-linis tegitur. utiq. Sali carminibus suis nomen Germanici Caes[aris in||ter divorum nomi]na interponant, qui honos C. quoq. et L. Caesarib. fratr. Ti. Caesaris Aug. habitus est."
Ehrenberg & Jones 1949 Doc. 365 (verbatim text-layer)Centuriae-creation clause (verbatim text-layer, lines 6-11):
"[utiq. ei numero centuri]arum quae de cos. pr. destinandis suffragium ferre solent adiciantur V centur[iae, et cum X | priores adpellan]tur C. et L. Caesar., adpellentur insequentes V Germanici Caesaris; inq. is omnib[us senato[res itemque equi]tes omnium decuriarum quae iudicior. publicor. caussa constitutae sunt erun[t suffragium | ferant; quiq. cum]q. magistratu(u)m destinationis faciendae caussa senatores qui-busq. in [senatu] sen[tentiam dillcere licebit it]emq. eq. in consaeptum ex lege quam L. Valerius Messalla Volesus Cn. Cornelius Ci[nna Magnus[ cos. 1 tuler. suff]ragi ferendi caussa convocabit, is uti senatores itemq. equites omnium decu-ria[rum quae iudijciorum public]orum gratia constitutae sunt erunt suffragium ferant, quod eius r[ei fieri poterit, in | XV centur. curet;"
Ehrenberg & Jones 1949 Doc. 365 (verbatim text-layer)Lex-amendment-by-reference clause (verbatim text-layer, lines 47-50):
"isq. numerus centuriarum qui h. r. adicitur in nu[merum • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • | pro]inde cedat atq. eum numerum qui X centuriar. est cedere ex lege quam Cinna e[t Volesus cos. tuler. cautum est] | comprehensumve est uti cedat; itaq. qui cos. pr. creandorum caussa destinatione[m habebit, uti in alis centur. eadem] | ratio habeatur itaq. suffragium feratur curet; cetera quae nominatim h. r. scrip[ta non sint ea omnia proinde atq.] || ex ea lege quam Cinna et Volesus cos. tuler. agantur fiant serventur."
Ehrenberg & Jones 1949 Doc. 365 (verbatim text-layer)Ritual / funerary clauses (verbatim text-layer, lines 50-62):
"utiq. ludis Augu[stalibus cum subsellia soda-lium] | ponentur in theatris, sellae curules Germanici Caesaris inter ea ponantur cu[m querceis coronis in honorem] | eius sacerdoti, quae sellae cum templum divi Aug. perfectum erit ex eo templo pr[oferentur, interea in templo] | Martis Ultoris reponantur et inde proferantur, quiq. cumq. eos ludos q. s. s. s. fac[iat, uti ex eo templo q. s. s. e. in the]|atris ponantur et cum reponendae erunt in eo templo reponantur curet. uti[q. cum ossa cinisque Germanici] || Caesaris in tumulum inferrentur templa deor. clauderentur, ii qui ordini [equestri adscripti privatum eq]uum habebunt, qui eor. officio fungi volent et per valetudinem perq. domesti[cum funus non impedientur, cum] | clavo, ii qui equom pub. habebunt cum trabeis in campum veniant. utiq. [quodannis eodem die quo in vita defun[ctus est, templa deor. immortalium quae in urbe Roma{m} propriusve urbem [Romam passus mille sunt erunt] | clausa sint, idque ut ita fiat ii qui eas aedes tuendas redemptas habent [curent. utiq. eodem die magistri] || sodalium Augustalium qui quoq. anno erunt inferias ante tumulu[m in quem illata sint ossa Germanici Cae]|saris mittendas curent…"
Source citation for all four Latin text blocks aboveEhrenberg & Jones 1949, Doc. 365 ADDENDUM "Rogatio in honour of Germanicus, A.D. 19-20, Heba (Etruria)" — verbatim text-layer extraction (pdftotext -layout) of the in-folder PDF
1949 ehrenberg documents illustrating the reigns of augustus and tiberius.pdf, starting at char 440052 and continuing to char ~447300. Text is reproduced with Ehrenberg & Jones's editorial markup: square brackets enclose restored text, vertical bars (|) mark line-ends within columns (single bar = column break, double bar (||) = larger break per their convention). Note: the text-layer occasionally shows OCR artifacts (e.g. "Roma{m}" with curly-brace deletion mark, "magistratu(u)m" with round-brace insertion mark) that reproduce E&J's own editorial notation per the Leiden conventions used in EJ 1949.3. Jones 1955 commentary (verbatim text-layer)
Four fragments from A. H. M. Jones, "The Elections under Augustus" — the seminal English-language analysis of how the Tabula Hebana, combined with the Lex Valeria Cornelia it amends, reshapes our understanding of Augustan electoral procedure. The fragments below are individually located in Jones 1955 and clearly demarcated as separate quotes per M18 discipline.
Jones 1955 (verbatim text-layer)Jones 1955 opening sentence on the Tabula Hebana (verbatim text-layer, p. 9):
"The Tabula Hebana already has a bibliography more than six pages long, in which figure the names of most of the eminent scholars of Europe. It may seem, therefore, both superfluous and presumptuous to add to it. But very few of the studies hitherto produced have attempted to deal with the political implications of the document, and of these few only one, Professor Tibiletti's monograph, Principe e magistrati repubblicani, has tackled them seriously."
Jones 1955 (verbatim text-layer)Jones 1955 on the Lex Valeria Cornelia which the Tabula Hebana amends (verbatim text-layer, p. ~13):
"And bribery was still rife in the consular elections, which Augustus is supposed to have controlled absolutely, as late as 8 B.C., when Augustus demanded a deposit from all candidates, to be forfeited if they employed corrupt practices. Suetonius records that Augustus regularly tipped the members of his own two tribes, Scaptia and Fabia, 1,000 HS per head on election days, in the hope that they would feel less inclined to accept bribes from the candidates. Finally in A.D. 7 electoral riots were so violent that Augustus had to nominate all the magistrates himself. But this brings us down to a date later than the Lex Valeria Cornelia of A.D. 5, whose existence the Tabula Hebana has revealed. The Tabula Hebana is a piece of legislation by reference, and in some vital sections a very large proportion of the text is lost. It is therefore doubly difficult to reconstruct the Lex Valeria Cornelia to which it so often refers."
Jones 1955 (verbatim text-layer)Jones 1955 on the destinatio reform (verbatim text-layer, p. ~14):
"I take it that in A.D. 5 Augustus introduced a new stage into the procedure for electing the consuls and praetors. Henceforth there was a preliminary vote by ten special centuries, composed of senators and Equites of the judicial decuries, which would give a strong lead to the comitia centuriata. The method employed for introducing this reform, by making it a part of the honours paid to the recently deceased princes, Gaius and Lucius, is curious…"
Jones 1955 (verbatim text-layer)Jones 1955 on the centuriae Germanici Caesaris and centuriae Drusi added after each prince's death (verbatim text-layer, p. ~19):
"That the Lex Valeria Cornelia was still in operation is shown by the fact that it was amended by the Tabula Hebana after Germanicus' death in A.D. 19, five additional centuries being created in his honour, and fragments survive of yet another law which added five more centuries in honour of Drusus on his death in A.D. 23. No more is heard of centuriae Caesarum after this date, but there seems no reason why the formula procedure should not have continued as long as the comitia centuriata went on holding the ceremonial of elections."
Source citation for the Jones blocks aboveA. H. M. Jones (1955), "The Elections under Augustus," Journal of Roman Studies 45: 9-21 — verbatim text-layer extraction (pdftotext) of the in-folder PDF
1955 jones The Elections under Augustus.pdf. Page references approximated from text-layer position; the JRS pagination is recoverable from the embedded JSTOR header on each page.4. Slot-by-slot decomposition (IMPERIAL-ROGATIO genre)
The Tabula Hebana introduces a hybrid IMPERIAL-ROGATIO bundle that adopts LEX-genre legislative formula slots (centuriae-creation, lex-amendment-by-reference, default-to-parent-lex) while also instantiating distinctive Imperial-honors slots (utiq. enumeration, parallel-precedent citation, ritual-honors, temple-transfer, funeral-ritual, annual-commemoration). The slot inventory below establishes the IMPERIAL-ROGATIO as a stable genre intermediate between the Republican LEX (cases #15, #16) and the Imperial LEX-municipalis (case #18 Lex Irnitana).
| Slot | Function功能 | Surface form表层形式 / character | Formula UID公式编号 / note |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Posthumous-honors-enumeration opening | [uti]q. in porticu quae est ad Apollinis in eo templo in quo senatus haberi sole[t ..... viri i]nlustris ingeni Germanici Caesaris et Drusi Germanici patris eius natural[is Ti. Cae|saris Aug. fratris] qui ipse quoq. fecundi ingeni fuit imagines ponantur | IMPERIAL-ROGATIO innovation: each clause of the rogatio opens with the formula utiq. (= "utique" = "and likewise") introducing a discrete honor to be voted. The slot itself is "utiq." functioning as a list-marker — a Tiberian-era development that allows multiple parallel honors-clauses to be enumerated within a single rogatio |
| 2 | Precedent-citation by parallel-honors | qui honos C. quoq. et L. Caesarib. fratr. Ti. Caesaris Aug. habitus est | each honors-clause closes with the Roman-rogatio formula "qui honos N. quoq. … habitus est" — citing the parallel precedent (here C. and L. Caesar, the elder Augustan grandsons honored after their deaths in AD 2/4) as the legitimating warrant for the new honor |
| 3 | Centuriae-creation clause | [utiq. ei numero centuri]arum quae de cos. pr. destinandis suffragium ferre solent adiciantur V centur[iae, et cum X priores adpellan]tur C. et L. Caesar., adpellentur insequentes V Germanici Caesaris | THE OPERATIVE LEGISLATIVE CLAUSE: five new centuries are added to the existing ten centuriae of C. and L. Caesar — a constitutional amendment by reference to the Lex Valeria Cornelia of AD 5. Distinctively-Imperial slot: legislation that extends an earlier law by adding incrementally to its established categories |
| 4 | Authority-cascade clause | ex lege quam L. Valerius Messalla Volesus Cn. Cornelius Ci[nna Magnus] cos. tuler. | the Lex Valeria Cornelia is cited by its consular date (Cinna + Volesus = 5 BCE — Jones 1955 reads AD 5 for the lex itself). The slot establishes the LEX-by-REFERENCE pattern: the rogatio relies on the parent lex for its detailed procedural rules. Repeated multiple times in the text — a Tiberian-era refinement of the Republican LEX intertextual practice (case #16 Tabula Heracleensis already shows this beginning) |
| 5 | Sortitio-procedure specification | is uti senatores itemq. equites omnium decu-ria[rum quae iudijciorum public]orum gratia constitutae sunt erunt suffragium ferant, quod eius r[ei fieri poterit, in XV centur. curet] | detailed procedural specification: senators + equites from the iudicial decuries cast their votes; the praetor in charge of the assembly directs the sortitio across the 15 centuriae (now 10 Caesarum + 5 Germanici). Distinctively-IMPERIAL slot — procedural specification on a scale beyond the Republican LEX |
| 6 | Legislation-by-reference default clause | cetera quae nominatim h. r. scrip[ta non sint ea omnia proinde atq.] ex ea lege quam Cinna et Volesus cos. tuler. agantur fiant serventur | "all matters not specifically written in this rogatio shall be carried out, done and observed in accordance with the lex which Cinna and Volesus passed as consuls." THE DEFAULT-TO-PARENT-LEX clause — same functional slot as case #18 Lex Irnitana Ch. 93 ("default to Roman civil law"), but here the default is to the Lex Valeria Cornelia specifically. Establishes the Imperial-rogatio formula slot of explicit reference-to-parent-lex |
| 7 | Ritual-honors clause (sellae curules + querceae coronae) | utiq. ludis Augu[stalibus cum subsellia soda-lium] ponentur in theatris, sellae curules Germanici Caesaris inter ea ponantur cu[m querceis coronis in honorem] eius sacerdoti | distinctively-IMPERIAL ritual slot: at the Ludi Augustales (founded AD 14 in honour of the deified Augustus), Germanicus's curule chair and oak crowns shall be placed alongside those of the sodales. The slot type is "permanent-ceremonial-presence" — the dead prince's seat is materially carried into ongoing imperial ritual |
| 8 | Temple-transfer clause (templum divi Aug. + Martis Ultoris) | quae sellae cum templum divi Aug. perfectum erit ex eo templo pr[oferentur, interea in templo] Martis Ultoris reponantur et inde proferantur | distinctively-IMPERIAL slot: until the Temple of the Divine Augustus is complete (it was finished only under Caligula in AD 37), the curule chairs are stored in the Temple of Mars Ultor in the Forum of Augustus. The slot type is "transitional-housing-specification" — slotting a new imperial ritual into the existing temple network |
| 9 | Funeral-ritual clause (equestrian order assembly) | utiq. cum ossa cinisque Germanici Caesaris in tumulum inferrentur templa deor. clauderentur, ii qui ordini [equestri adscripti privatum eq]uum habebunt … cum clavo, ii qui equom pub. habebunt cum trabeis in campum veniant | "when the bones and ashes of Germanicus are brought into the tumulus, temples of the gods shall be closed; equestrians with a privatus equus shall come to the Campus with their clavus, those with the equus publicus shall come with trabeae." DISTINCTIVELY-IMPERIAL slot: the equestrian order is given a specific ceremonial role + dress-code in a state funeral |
| 10 | Annual-commemoration clause (sodales Augustales) | utiq. eodem die magistri sodalium Augustalium qui quoq. anno erunt inferias ante tumulu[m in quem illata sint ossa Germanici Cae]saris mittendas curent | "on the same day each year, the magistri of the sodales Augustales shall ensure that inferiae are sent to the tomb of Germanicus." DISTINCTIVELY-IMPERIAL slot: the sodales Augustales (established AD 14) are given recurring annual-commemoration duties for the dead prince — an institutional infrastructure for posthumous-imperial cult that did not exist before AD 14 |
5. Historical context
The Tabula Hebana (EJ 1949 Doc. 365) is the dossier's Tiberian-era Imperial-rogatio anchor — the bronze tablet from Heba (Etruria) preserving most of the AD 19/20 rogatio creating five new centuriae Germanici Caesaris as a posthumous honor to Germanicus after his death in October AD 19. The rogatio amends the Lex Valeria Cornelia of AD 5 (which had created ten centuriae C. et L. Caesar as a posthumous honor to Augustus's grandsons Gaius and Lucius Caesar after their deaths in AD 2 and 4). After Drusus's death in AD 23, yet a third rogatio (fragments only) created five more centuriae in his honor — establishing a TIBERIAN-ERA PATTERN of "deceased imperial prince → new electoral centuriae."
Per Jones 1955 (verbatim above), the Tabula Hebana fundamentally transformed our understanding of Augustan electoral procedure. Before its publication in Notizie degli Scavi 1947 (the source citation EJ 1949 reproduces), the Lex Valeria Cornelia was unknown — Jones notes that the Tabula Hebana "is a piece of legislation by reference, and in some vital sections a very large proportion of the text is lost." The rogatio's slot-by-slot structure (above) reveals an Imperial-era refinement of Republican legislative practice: the "default-to-parent-lex" clause makes legislation-by-reference an explicit formal slot rather than the implicit cross-reference it had been in late-Republican leges.
For the formula dossier, this case study contributes four things:
- The IMPERIAL-ROGATIO formula bundle — distinct from both the SC genre (cases #1, #2, #3) and the LEX genre (cases #15, #16, #18), the rogatio occupies an intermediate position: it is a legislative instrument (like a lex) but its content is posthumous honors (like the SC de Pisone Patre, case #2, which is a SC honouring a deceased family member of the imperial house). The Tabula Hebana ties these two together at the slot level, showing that a posthumous-honors decree can adopt full legislative-procedural formula slots when the honor itself has constitutional weight (electoral procedure).
- The default-to-parent-lex clause as IMPERIAL formula innovation — slot 6 above: "cetera quae nominatim h. r. scrip[ta non sint…] ex ea lege quam Cinna et Volesus cos. tuler. agantur fiant serventur." This is the slot-level innovation that case #18 Lex Irnitana Ch. 93 ("default to Roman civil law") inherits in modified form: the legislation-by-reference pattern.
- The "utiq." list-marker as IMPERIAL formula innovation — slot 1 above: each honor opens with utiq. ("and likewise"), functioning as a formula-level list-marker that permits enumeration of multiple parallel honors within a single rogatio. This is a Tiberian-era refinement; Republican leges (cases #15, #16) tend to use rubrics and longer prose transitions instead.
- The ritual-honors + temple-transfer + funeral-ritual + annual-commemoration slot cluster — slots 7-10 above. The Tabula Hebana documents the institutional apparatus of Imperial posthumous cult: sodales Augustales, Ludi Augustales, sellae curules + querceae coronae, the Temple of Mars Ultor and the Temple of the Divine Augustus, the tumulus of Germanicus, the equestrian-order ceremonial dress code. This is the dossier's clearest case of the slot infrastructure that makes Imperial cult routinely-reproducible across each new dynastic death.
6. Additional scholarship
In-folder works bearing on the Tabula Hebana: (1) Ehrenberg & Jones 1949 (the primary text); (2) Jones 1955 (the seminal English-language commentary); (3) Sherk 1984, "Rome and the Greek East" — also in folder, but the Germanicus material in Sherk 1984 covers a different document (a papyrus speech from Alexandria, ca. AD 19), NOT the Tabula Hebana itself. (4) Lebek 1990, "Standeswürde und Berufsverbot unter Tiberius: Das SC der Tabula Larinas" — covers a SIBLING Tiberian-era SC (the Tabula Larinas, on senatorial standes and Berufsverbot), which provides a generic comparator but is not on the Tabula Hebana directly. Per M18 no-fabrication policy, these are noted as available but not directly quoted unless their text-layers contain Tabula-Hebana-specific commentary.文件夹内与赫巴铜板相关的著作：（1）Ehrenberg 与 Jones 1949（原始文本）；（2）Jones 1955（开创性的英语评注）；（3）Sherk 1984，《Rome and the Greek East》——也在文件夹内，但 Sherk 1984 中的日耳曼尼库斯材料涉及的是另一份文献（约公元 19 年来自亚历山大里亚的一篇纸草演说），而非赫巴铜板本身。（4）Lebek 1990，《Standeswürde und Berufsverbot unter Tiberius: Das SC der Tabula Larinas》——涉及一份姊妹性的提比略时期元老院决议（拉里努姆铜板，论元老身份与执业禁令），提供了一个泛用的对照物，但并不直接针对赫巴铜板。依据 M18 无杜撰政策，这些著作均标注为可用，但除非其文本层含有专门针对赫巴铜板的评注，否则不直接引用。
7. Matrix-Hub companion editions (magalia.wiki)
⚜ Six matrix-hub critical editions cover the same Germanicus cluster from the document-edition direction. This case study reads the Hebana fragment as the dossier's Imperial-rogatio anchor (slot decomposition). The matrix-hub editions present each piece of the cluster as a research-grade critical edition (verbatim text · translation · apparatus · section-by-section commentary):
- Lex Valeria Aurelia — the AD 20 law itself, edited from all three primary witnesses (Tabula Hebana + Tabula Siarensis + Todi Fragment). The direct companion to this case.
- SC de honoribus Germanici — the senatorial decree of 16 Dec AD 19 (Tabula Siarensis) that the rogatio carried into law four days later. Genre split: SC censuere vs rogatio utique (case study slot 1).
- CIL 6.31199 — the Rome bronze fragments of the SC de honoribus Germanici. Sister bronze: same dossier, capital's witness.
- Rogatio in honour of Drusus Caesar — the AD 23 sister rogatio for Drusus, four years later. Jones 1955 (verbatim in §3 above) names this as the second instance of the "deceased prince → new centuriae" formula.
- Decreta Pisana — the AD 2 + AD 4 municipal honours for Lucius and Gaius Caesar. The precedent the LVA explicitly extends: ten centuriae C. et L. Caesar → fifteen by adding five Germanici (case study slot 3).
- Senatus consulta as a genre — comparative slot tables across the six Germanicus-cluster documents. Methodological sibling; explicitly compares censuere vs utique.
8. Cross-references (within Formula Dossier)
- Case #2 SC de Cn. Pisone Patre — sister Tiberian-era SC (AD 20) involving Germanicus's death; SCpp documents the JUDICIAL aftermath of the trial of Piso (charged with poisoning Germanicus) while the Tabula Hebana documents the COMMEMORATIVE-HONORS aftermath. Together they cover the two halves of the Tiberian state's response to Germanicus's death.
- Case #15 Lex repetundarum + Case #16 Tabula Heracleensis — Republican-LEX predecessors that establish the legislative-rogatio formula slots the Tabula Hebana inherits and refines
- Case #18 Lex Irnitana — Imperial-LEX comparison; case #18 Ch. 93 (default-to-Roman-civil-law) inherits the slot-pattern that case #20 Tabula Hebana slot 6 (default-to-Lex-Valeria-Cornelia) instantiates earlier
- Case #17 Cyrene Edicts — Augustan-Imperial-edict comparison; both case #17 and case #20 document the formula-slot density of Imperial-era prescriptive documents
- Case #19 Magnesia asylia dossier — Hellenistic cross-genre comparison (royal letter + civic decree); case #20 is a single-genre Imperial parallel showing how a rogatio internalises functions that the Hellenistic dossier achieves through cross-genre dialogue
- Evidentiary Profile tab
8. Bibliography (in-folder files only)
- Ehrenberg, V. & Jones, A. H. M. (1949). Documents Illustrating the Reigns of Augustus and Tiberius. Oxford. In folder as
1949 ehrenberg documents illustrating the reigns of augustus and tiberius.pdf. Doc. 365 ADDENDUM at pp. 152-154 of the offprint pagination = the Tabula Hebana primary edition (citing Notizie degli Scavi lxxii, 1947, pp. 49ff. as the original publication). - Jones, A. H. M. (1955). "The Elections under Augustus." Journal of Roman Studies 45: 9-21. In folder as
1955 jones The Elections under Augustus.pdf. The seminal English-language commentary on the Tabula Hebana and the Lex Valeria Cornelia it amends; engages with Tibiletti's monograph Principe e magistrati repubblicani. - Sherk, R. K. (1984). Rome and the Greek East to the Death of Augustus. Translated Documents of Greece and Rome 4. Cambridge. In folder as
1984 Sherk Rome and the Greek East to the Death of Augustus Translated Documents of Greece and Rome 1984.pdf. Includes a Germanicus speech-papyrus (different document); cited as generic comparator. - Lebek, W. D. (1990). "Standeswürde und Berufsverbot unter Tiberius: Das SC der Tabula Larinas." In folder as
1990 lebek Standeswürde und Berufsverbot unter Tiberius- Das SC der Tabula Larinas.pdf. Sister Tiberian-era SC (the Tabula Larinas); cited as Tiberian-era generic comparator.
All entries point to in-folder PDFs. Eck's standard German treatment in Vestigia 48 is NOT in this folder and is therefore NOT listed in this bibliography per M18 policy. Tibiletti's Principe e magistrati repubblicani (cited inside Jones 1955) is not in the folder and is acknowledged only as embedded inside the Jones quotation above.