The cattle offence in the proem
Odyssey Od. 1.6-9
The companions eat Helios's cattle; their own recklessness is blamed for the loss of their return.
This frames Book 12 but is not a universal prohibition on beef.
Compare what the sources say, how a scene is framed, and what an interpretation cannot establish. Namespaced IDs preserve collection boundaries. Existing records are imported metadata; this interface does not certify their scholarship anew.
73Odyssey food
47Seascapes
47Animals
31Intertexts
5Technology
8Social status
30Cicero in antiquity
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Counts are selected records across collections, including overlapping windows. Zero means no selection here, not absence from the poem.
241 selected records.
The ordinary guest meal
Odyssey Od. 1.136-149
Handwashing, bread, unspecified other foods, carved meat and wine form the welcome to a visitor.
Water here is for hands; unspecified foods cannot be expanded into a vegetable menu.
Eat from your own resources
Odyssey Od. 1.373-380
Telemachus demands that the suitors leave, feast in their own houses and consume their own possessions in turn.
The prescription concerns ownership and reciprocity, not the intrinsic impurity of their foods.
Wine, oil and barley stores
Odyssey Od. 2.337-355
The storeroom contains wine and oil; Telemachus asks for wine and barley meal for his journey.
The oil is stored but its culinary use is not specified in this passage.
Public sacrifice and feast
Odyssey Od. 3.5-9
The Pylians sacrifice bulls to Poseidon, taste the innards and burn thigh pieces.
An offering and an edible portion must be distinguished.
Guests fed before identification
Odyssey Od. 3.31-74
Telemachus and Athena receive roasted meat and wine; prayer and libation accompany the meal before questions about identity.
This exemplifies hospitality; it is not an exhaustive law code for every meal.
A heifer for Athena
Odyssey Od. 3.430-472
Barley, hair offering, slaughter, fat-wrapped thigh pieces and wine precede tasting innards and roasting the remaining meat.
The described order is local to this scene; other sacrifices vary.
Honoured portions in Sparta
Odyssey Od. 4.51-68
Bread and meat are served; Menelaus gives his guests the fatty ox chine reserved as his own honour portion.
The meal makes rank and generosity visible; it is not a quantity-based diet.
Helen's drug in wine
Odyssey Od. 4.219-234
Helen adds a drug to wine that suppresses grief and anger for the day; Egyptian drugs can heal or harm.
The poem does not identify opium or impose a prohibition on this preparation. Its effect differs from lotus and Circe's drug.
Fish under hunger
Odyssey Od. 4.365-369
Menelaus's companions fish with hooks because hunger presses them.
Fish are not declared unclean; this is a character's recollection, not a named fish recipe.
Cereals and plants in horse country
Odyssey Od. 4.602-608
Wheat, zeiai, barley, lotus and galingale occur in a comparison of suitable horse country and Ithaca.
No human meal is described. Zeiai is rendered spelt by Murray, but modern species identification is uncertain; this lotus is not securely identical to Book 9's.
Contributions to a feast
Odyssey Od. 4.621-623
People bring sheep and wine, and their wives send bread to the feast.
This is evidence of provisioning labour, not proof of a universal sex-specific food restriction.
Hermes receives divine food
Odyssey Od. 5.92-94
Calypso sets ambrosia and nectar before Hermes.
Divine food belongs to the poem's imagined world; no modern ingredient identification is supplied.
Calypso and Odysseus dine differently
Odyssey Od. 5.195-200
Odysseus receives mortal food and drink, while Calypso receives ambrosia and nectar.
The stated distinction is mortal and immortal; this scene alone cannot establish a male/female dietary ban.
Water for the voyage
Odyssey Od. 5.265-268
Calypso supplies wine, a larger skin of water, and plentiful provisions.
This is explicit drinking-water provision, unlike handwashing water at feasts.
Nausicaa's picnic
Odyssey Od. 6.75-80
Food, other provisions and wine are packed for the washing expedition; oil is given for anointing.
The meal's ingredients are largely unspecified. Oil here is for the body, not demonstrated as salad dressing.
Alcinous's orchard and vineyard
Odyssey Od. 7.112-132
Pears, pomegranates, apples, figs, olives and grapes appear in a miraculous productive garden; some grapes dry and others are trodden.
Availability, cultivation and processing are not identical to a narrated meal; drying does not prove raisins are served.
Hunger can require legitimate relief
Odyssey Od. 7.215-221
Odysseus asks to eat despite his grief because the belly insists on being filled.
His need complicates any thesis that the poem condemns appetite as such.
A Phaeacian meat feast
Odyssey Od. 8.59-61
Twelve sheep, eight swine and two cattle are slaughtered for the gathering.
A heroic feast's figures do not establish everyday historical consumption rates.
Food honours the singer
Odyssey Od. 8.474-483
Odysseus gives Demodocus part of a fatty boar chine as an honour.
Sharing good meat can be approved; the food type does not determine the moral status alone.
A declared ideal of feasting
Odyssey Od. 9.2-11
Odysseus praises communal listening with tables of bread and meat and a wine-pourer filling cups.
An ideal voiced by a speaker is not a census of all ordinary meals.
Lingering after the raid
Odyssey Od. 9.39-61
The crew take wine and slaughter livestock after sacking the Cicones' city; they refuse his order to depart and suffer a counterattack.
Food abundance combines with violence and failure to leave; there is no explicit ban on these food species.
The lotus and the loss of return
Odyssey Od. 9.82-104
Eating the honey-sweet lotus removes the desire to report back and return. Odysseus drags the eaters away and orders the rest not to taste it.
The Lotus-Eaters do not plot their visitors' death. The plant's modern identity and any toxic mechanism remain unresolved.
Crops without cultivation
Odyssey Od. 9.107-115
Wheat, barley and grapevines grow without sowing or ploughing in the Cyclopes' land.
Do not claim the Cyclopes' world lacks cereal crops; the contrast concerns cultivation and institutions.
Hunting wild goats
Odyssey Od. 9.154-165
The companions hunt goats and feast on meat and wine brought from the Cicones.
No elaborate sacrificial sequence is reported; absence of narration is not proof that no ritual occurred.
Maron's powerful wine
Odyssey Od. 9.196-211
Maron gives wine; its customary dilution is described as one cup of wine to twenty measures of water.
The ratio does not determine alcohol percentage or prove twenty times the strength of ordinary wine.
Milk products and stolen cheese
Odyssey Od. 9.216-232
Polyphemus keeps cheeses and milk products; the visitors light a fire, make offerings and eat cheese while waiting.
Cheese is consumed by humans too. The owner's absence and expectations of hospitality complicate permission.
Polyphemus eats people
Odyssey Od. 9.288-298
Polyphemus devours human flesh, entrails and marrow-bearing bones and drinks unmixed milk.
Cannibalism violates the host/guest relation in the narrative. Rawness is inferred from the scene, not an explicit raw adjective here.
Wine becomes a weapon
Odyssey Od. 9.345-374
Polyphemus drinks three cups of the offered wine; Odysseus uses his intoxication in the escape plan.
Calling the wine ambrosia and nectar is Polyphemus's comparison, not proof it is actual divine food.
Aeolus's continuing family feast
Odyssey Od. 10.1-12
Aeolus's children feast continuously within a closed family household.
A closed and unusual society invites interpretation; the text does not ban daily feasting in a general rule.
Humans treated as a meal
Odyssey Od. 10.115-124
The Laestrygonian king seizes a man as a meal; attackers spear the crew like fish.
The fish comparison does not describe fish cooked or eaten by the crew.
A stag sustains the crew
Odyssey Od. 10.156-184
Odysseus kills and carries a stag; the crew eat meat and drink wine after distress.
A full sacrificial protocol is not described; this is a counterweight to a universal claim that all lawful meat must be narrated as sacrifice.
Circe's adulterated mixture
Odyssey Od. 10.233-240
Cheese, barley meal, honey and Pramnian wine carry baneful drugs. After drinking, the men are struck by the wand and become swine.
The ingredients themselves are ordinary foods. The drugs aim at forgetting home, but the transformed men retain their minds at 10.240.
Food for transformed swine
Odyssey Od. 10.241-243
Circe throws mast, acorns and cornel-tree fruit to the transformed companions as swine fodder.
This is not a recommendation for an ordinary human meal, nor proof that these plants were universally inedible to people.
Hermes's protection
Odyssey Od. 10.275-306
Hermes gives the protective moly, advises resistance and an oath, and describes its black root and white flower.
The god-given herb has no secure modern botanical identification; do not supply a modern dosage or invent an ordinary recipe.
Odysseus drinks but resists
Odyssey Od. 10.316-332
Circe mixes a potion for Odysseus; it fails to enchant him, and he confronts her after the wand stroke.
Protection changes the encounter; this does not make an unidentified drug safe for modern consumption.
A meal refused until companions are freed
Odyssey Od. 10.371-399
Odysseus refuses the offered food until Circe releases his companions; she restores them to human form.
At 10.372 Greek eidata / eidata polla means unspecified foods; Murray's 'meats' is too specific to prove a meat dish here.
Circe subsequently feeds the crew
Odyssey Od. 10.460-474
Circe's food and wine sustain the restored crew for a year; they eventually remind Odysseus to leave.
The same host can provide a dangerous potion and later accepted meals. Delay is a separate issue from poisoning.
Food substances for the dead
Odyssey Od. 11.23-43
Milk-and-honey mixture, wine, water and barley meal are offered; sheep's blood attracts the dead.
These are ritual substances, not a human supper or a human blood-drinking instruction.
A prophetic warning
Odyssey Od. 11.90-113
Tiresias warns that avoiding harm to Helios's cattle and sheep permits return; harming them brings destruction.
This is a prediction in a reported encounter, fulfilled by the narrative, not a prohibition on all livestock.
People who do not salt food
Odyssey Od. 11.121-125
Tiresias describes people who know neither the sea nor salt in their food.
This does not instruct Greeks to avoid salt and is not direct observation of a geographically identified society.
Fruit and water denied to Tantalus
Odyssey Od. 11.582-592
Water and pears, pomegranates, apples, figs and olives recede from Tantalus.
The fruit list belongs to punishment and inaccessible desire, not a normal menu actually consumed.
Circe specifies Helios's herds
Odyssey Od. 12.127-141
Circe describes Helios's cattle and sheep and warns against harming them.
Divine ownership and a named warning distinguish these animals from permitted cattle elsewhere.
The crew's oath and alternative provisions
Odyssey Od. 12.297-306
The crew swear not to kill cattle or sheep and to eat the food Circe has provided.
The prohibition is not unexplained fasting: permitted provisions initially exist.
Provisions fail; fish and birds are sought
Odyssey Od. 12.313-333
Storm delays exhaust grain and wine; the men seek fish and birds as hunger grows.
The account describes procurement under hunger; it does not list species or a completed fish banquet.
Eurylochus argues for forbidden sacrifice
Odyssey Od. 12.339-365
Eurylochus prefers drowning to slow starvation and proposes sacrificing the cattle. The crew use oak leaves for barley and water for wine.
Sacrificial form does not overturn a prior prohibition. The starvation argument deserves notice; it is not the narrator's permission to kill.
Portents and destruction
Odyssey Od. 12.374-419
Helios demands repayment; hides move and meat lows, cooked and raw. The crew feast for six days before Zeus destroys the ship.
Odysseus says Calypso told him the divine exchange after hearing it from Hermes (12.389-390); he did not witness that exchange.
A farewell feast before return
Odyssey Od. 13.23-29
Alcinous sacrifices a bull to Zeus and the company feasts before sending Odysseus home.
A lawful cattle meal sharpens the difference from the cattle owned by Helios.
Eumaios's modest welcome
Odyssey Od. 14.72-83
Eumaios roasts two piglets, sprinkles barley meal and offers wine, contrasting this fare with the fat swine consumed by suitors.
Pork is not prohibited. The difference is in resources, status and hospitality.
The suitors consume another household
Odyssey Od. 14.93-108
Eumaios describes the destruction of livestock and wine belonging to Odysseus.
His estimate of wealth is a character's account, not an independently checked economic inventory.
The boar meal and apportioned honours
Odyssey Od. 14.402-456
Eumaios offers parts of a boar, roasts the rest, divides seven portions, assigns one to the nymphs and Hermes, and gives Odysseus the chine; bread and wine accompany it.
The procedure differs from Book 3; later sacrificial categories are scholarly comparisons, not labels supplied by the poem.
Service at table
Odyssey Od. 15.320-324
Odysseus describes tending the fire, roasting and carving meat, and pouring wine as service performed for superiors.
His disguise and rhetorical purpose matter; this is not a complete classification of historical household labour.
Yesterday's roasted meat
Odyssey Od. 16.46-55
Bread, roasted meat left over from the previous day and mixed wine form a meal.
The text prevents the claim that cooked meat is never kept. It supplies no modern food-storage safety standard.
Sharing with the needy guest
Odyssey Od. 17.343-355
Telemachus gives the beggar a whole loaf and meat and directs him to ask the others for food.
Sharing need not depend on a guest's apparent rank.
Antinous withholds food
Odyssey Od. 17.445-457
Odysseus reproaches Antinous for refusing bread from another's table, saying he would not give even salt from his own store.
Salt is an idiom of minimal generosity here, not a measured recipe or a dietary ban.
A paunch as the fight prize
Odyssey Od. 18.43-49
Goat paunches filled with fat and blood are cooking; one is offered to the stronger beggar.
The food is not itself condemned as impure; its distribution is bound to an abusive spectacle.
Paunch, bread and wine given
Odyssey Od. 18.118-123
Odysseus receives the fat-and-blood paunch; Amphinomus gives him two loaves and a cup.
Provision can coexist with the larger injustice of the suitors' occupation.
How wooers ought to feast
Odyssey Od. 18.275-280
Penelope says proper wooers bring cattle and sheep to feed others and gifts to the woman rather than consume her household without payment.
Her speech also serves a strategy for obtaining gifts; it is not a neutral legal document.
Food abundance under justice
Odyssey Od. 19.109-114
A just king is compared with a land yielding wheat, barley, fruit, thriving flocks and fish.
Fish belong to the image of prosperity. This is neither an observed royal menu nor proof of fish taboo.
Food in the fabricated Cretan tale
Odyssey Od. 19.195-202
The speaker claims to have supplied the visiting Odysseus and crew with bread, wine and cattle contributions.
The poem marks the larger tale as invented; this cannot independently establish a historical Cretan episode.
Onion skin as clothing comparison
Odyssey Od. 19.232-234
The fine tunic is compared to an onion skin.
An onion is named, but nobody is said to eat it here.
Geese eat wheat in Penelope's dream
Odyssey Od. 19.535-553
Penelope's dream geese eat wheat before an eagle kills them.
Neither the dream nor the analogy proves that goose meat is served at an actual feast.
A roasting paunch as a simile
Odyssey Od. 20.23-28
Odysseus's tossing is compared to a man turning a fat-and-blood paunch over a fire.
This supports knowledge of the preparation, but the meal in the simile is not taking place in Odysseus's bedchamber.
Cheese, honey and wine in a myth
Odyssey Od. 20.68-73
Aphrodite is said to have reared the girls with cheese, honey and wine.
This is a mythic example within a speech, not a directly narrated contemporary household meal.
The suitors' animals and bread
Odyssey Od. 20.248-256
The suitors slaughter sheep, goats, swine and a cow, roast innards, mix wine and receive bread.
Ordinary sacrificial vocabulary and foods occur in a socially illegitimate occupation.
Bloody meat as a portent
Odyssey Od. 20.345-348
The suitors laugh uncontrollably and their meat appears bloody amid ominous tears.
A portent cannot be treated as an ordinary preference for raw meat.
Antinous warns against excess wine
Odyssey Od. 21.293-304
Antinous says too much wine harms men and cites Eurytion's behaviour among the Lapiths.
The hostile speaker uses the story to control the beggar; this is a warning about excess, not a universal ban on wine.
A feast interrupted by death
Odyssey Od. 22.8-21
Antinous raises his wine cup before Odysseus shoots him; bread and meat spill from his table.
Wine is the setting and dramatic object, not the biological cause of his death.
Dead suitors compared to fish
Odyssey Od. 22.383-389
The dead suitors are compared to fish taken from the sea and piled on shore.
Do not count the suitors as a fish meal or this simile as actual fish consumption.
The no-salt prophecy repeated
Odyssey Od. 23.267-272
Odysseus repeats the description of people who do not know the sea and do not salt their food.
This depends on the same prophecy as Book 11; it is not a second independent witness.
Honey and animals at Achilles's funeral
Odyssey Od. 24.65-69
Sheep and cattle are slain around the pyre; Achilles burns with unguents and honey.
Honey here has funerary use, not a demonstrated ingredient in an ordinary meal.
Recognising the home orchard
Odyssey Od. 24.336-344
Odysseus recalls pear, apple and fig trees and rows of vines given by his father.
The numbers are part of recognition and memory, not a meal count or a contemporary agricultural survey.
The restored household prepares a meal
Odyssey Od. 24.360-364
Telemachus, the cowherd and swineherd carve meat and mix wine in Laertes's house.
The preparation restores shared household activity; it does not imply that all conflict has ended at this point.
Ogygia, the navel of the sea
Odyssey 1.50–54
Before: Athena pleads with Zeus for Odysseus (1.44–49). After: Calypso beguiles him to forget Ithaca; he longs to see even its smoke (1.55–59).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Telemachus's first night at sea
Odyssey 2.420–434
Before: Athena, as Telemachus, has gathered the crew and lulled the suitors; the ship is launched (2.382–419). After: Book 3 opens at sunrise with the arrival at Pylos (3.1–9).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The sun rises out of the mere
Odyssey 3.1–3
Before: The night voyage from Ithaca (2.420–434). After: The Pylians are sacrificing black bulls to Poseidon on the shore (3.4–11).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Menelaus's fleet at Cape Malea; the rock of Gortyn
Odyssey 3.286–300
Before: Nestor tells how Aegisthus seduced Clytemnestra while Menelaus was away (3.254–285). After: While Menelaus gathers wealth in Egypt, Aegisthus rules seven years until Orestes kills him (3.301–312).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Pharos: a harbour with good anchorage, twenty windless days
Odyssey 4.354–369
Before: Menelaus begins the tale of his detention in Egypt for want of sacrifice (4.351–353). After: Eidothea, daughter of Proteus, pities him and asks why he lingers (4.370–381).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The old man of the sea and his seals
Odyssey 4.400–406
Before: Eidothea explains how Proteus can be seized and made to speak (4.382–399). After: She hides Menelaus and three men under sealskins; Proteus is caught and questioned (4.407–470).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Ajax son of Oileus drowned at the Gyrae rocks
Odyssey 4.499–511
Before: Menelaus asks which Achaeans perished on the way home (4.485–498). After: Proteus turns to Agamemnon, who reached home and was murdered at the feast (4.512–537).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The Elysian plain at the bounds of the earth
Odyssey 4.561–569
Before: Proteus names the third man, Odysseus, held by Calypso without ship or crew (4.555–560). After: Proteus dives into the sea; Menelaus sails back to Egypt to sacrifice (4.570–586).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Asteris, the harbour with two mouths
Odyssey 4.844–847
Before: Penelope wakes comforted by the phantom; the suitors have sailed to ambush Telemachus (4.838–843). After: Book 5 opens with the second council of the gods (5.1–42).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Hermes skims the waves like a shearwater
Odyssey 5.50–54
Before: Zeus sends Hermes to Calypso; he binds on his sandals and takes his wand (5.28–49). After: He reaches Ogygia and finds Calypso's cave fragrant with cedar and citron (5.55–74).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Odysseus on Calypso's shore, looking at the sea
Odyssey 5.151–158
Before: Hermes has delivered Zeus's command and departed; Calypso goes to find Odysseus (5.145–150). After: She tells him he is free to go and to build a craft (5.159–170).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Seventeen days by the stars; Scheria like a shield
Odyssey 5.269–281
Before: The craft is built and provisioned; Calypso sends a warm wind (5.228–268). After: Poseidon, returning from the Ethiopians, sees him and raises the storm (5.282–296).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Poseidon's storm; the craft wrecked
Odyssey 5.291–332
Before: Poseidon resolves to drive him to a surfeit of evil (5.282–290). After: Leucothea rises as a shearwater and gives him her veil (5.333–353).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Land sighted from the crest of a wave
Odyssey 5.388–399
Before: Poseidon departs; Athena stills the winds and rouses the north wind (5.365–387). After: He hears the surf on the reefs of a harbourless coast (5.400–423).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
A coast with no harbour: headlands, reefs, roar
Odyssey 5.400–423
Before: The land and wood seem as welcome as a father's recovery to his children (5.394–399). After: A wave flings him against the rock and back out; he swims along looking for a beach or harbour (5.424–440).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The river mouth; prayer to the river god
Odyssey 5.441–453
Before: Skin is torn from his hands on the rocks like pebbles from a cuttlefish's suckers (5.424–440). After: He staggers ashore, kisses the earth, and sleeps under two olive bushes (5.454–493).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The Phaeacian city: two harbours, ship-stations, oars
Odyssey 6.262–272
Before: Nausicaa tells Odysseus to follow her wagon to the city (6.255–261). After: She explains why he must not be seen with her, and how to find Arete (6.273–315).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Alcinous promises convoy: the ship that reached Euboea in a day
Odyssey 7.317–328
Before: Alcinous wishes such a man would stay as his son-in-law (7.308–316). After: Odysseus prays it be so; a bed is made for him in the portico (7.329–347).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Ships that steer by thought, through mist and cloud
Odyssey 8.555–563
Before: Alcinous asks the guest's name, since no man is nameless (8.548–554). After: He recalls his father's prophecy that Poseidon will one day punish the Phaeacians for their convoys (8.564–571).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The north wind off Malea; nine days' drift
Odyssey 9.62–84
Before: Six men from each ship have died fighting the Cicones (9.39–61). After: The Lotus-eaters, whose fruit makes men forget home (9.85–104).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The goat island and its harbour without cables
Odyssey 9.116–141
Before: The Cyclopes are described: lawless, without assemblies, trusting in the gods (9.105–115). After: A god guides the ships in through the fog; they sleep on the shore (9.142–151).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Night landing in fog: no moon, no sight of the waves
Odyssey 9.142–151
Before: The harbour with its spring and poplars (9.136–141). After: The nymphs rouse the goats; hunting and feasting; the Cyclopes' smoke across the water (9.152–169).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The Cyclops's cave on the land's edge by the sea
Odyssey 9.180–186
Before: Odysseus crosses with his own ship to test what manner of men live there (9.170–179). After: The monstrous shepherd is described; Odysseus takes twelve men and Maron's wine (9.187–215).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The boulder's wave drives the ship back to shore
Odyssey 9.480–486
Before: Odysseus taunts the blinded Polyphemus from the ship (9.473–479). After: He pushes off with a pole; the crew beg him to stop provoking the giant (9.487–499).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Aeolus's floating island with its wall of bronze
Odyssey 10.1–4
Before: The fleet sails on grieving after the Cyclops (9.565–566). After: Aeolus's twelve children; a month of hospitality; the bag of winds (10.5–27).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Ithaca in sight: men tending the beacon fires
Odyssey 10.28–31
Before: Aeolus gives the bag of winds and a west wind to speed them home (10.19–27). After: Odysseus sleeps; the crew open the bag and the storm carries them back to Aeolia (10.31–55).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The Laestrygonian harbour: a white calm inside
Odyssey 10.87–96
Before: Six days' rowing from Aeolia to Telepylus (10.77–86). After: The scouts meet Antiphates' daughter; the giants stone the fleet in the harbour (10.100–132).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Aeaea: into a harbour in silence, a god guiding
Odyssey 10.135–143
Before: Only Odysseus's ship escapes the Laestrygonians (10.126–134). After: On the third day Odysseus climbs a height and sees Circe's smoke (10.144–150).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Across Ocean to Persephone's groves and the meeting of rivers
Odyssey 10.505–515
Before: Circe tells Odysseus he must consult Teiresias in Hades; he despairs (10.487–504). After: The rite: a pit, libations, prayers, a ram and a black ewe (10.516–540).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The Cimmerians, never seen by the sun
Odyssey 11.13–22
Before: A fair wind from Circe carries the ship all day (11.1–12). After: The pit is dug and the dead gather (11.23–50).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Ocean, which no one crosses on foot
Odyssey 11.155–159
Before: Anticleia drinks the blood and knows her son (11.152–154). After: She asks whether he has yet reached Ithaca and seen his wife (11.160–162).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Aeaea, where Dawn has her house and dancing-lawns
Odyssey 12.1–7
Before: The ship leaves the dead and is borne down the stream of Ocean (11.636–640). After: Elpenor's body is fetched and burned; Circe comes with food (12.8–27).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The Wandering Rocks and Amphitrite's great wave
Odyssey 12.55–72
Before: Circe describes the Sirens and the wax (12.37–54). After: The other route: Scylla's cliff and Charybdis (12.73–110).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Scylla's cloud-capped cliff; Charybdis under the fig tree
Odyssey 12.73–110
Before: The Planctae, passed only by the Argo (12.55–72). After: Odysseus asks if he can fight Scylla; Circe forbids it and turns to Thrinacia (12.111–141).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
A windless calm at the Sirens' island
Odyssey 12.165–172
Before: Odysseus tells the crew part of Circe's warnings (12.153–164). After: He kneads the wax and stops the men's ears; they bind him to the mast (12.173–200).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The strait: smoke, roar, the seething cauldron, six men taken
Odyssey 12.201–259
Before: They pass the Sirens; the men unstop their ears and untie him (12.192–200). After: Thrinacia and the cattle of the Sun (12.260–302).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
A night squall at Thrinacia
Odyssey 12.312–315
Before: The crew feast and mourn the men Scylla took (12.303–311). After: They shelter the ship in a cave; a month of southerly winds and hunger (12.316–332).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Only sky and sea; Zeus's bolt splits the ship
Odyssey 12.403–425
Before: After six days of feasting on the cattle the wind drops and they sail (12.397–402). After: The south wind carries him back to Charybdis (12.426–446).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Back to Charybdis: clinging to the fig tree like a bat
Odyssey 12.426–446
Before: He lashes keel and mast together and rides them (12.420–425). After: Nine days to Ogygia; he ends his tale (12.447–453).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The Phaeacian ship: faster than a hawk, carrying a sleeper
Odyssey 13.78–95
Before: Odysseus boards at sunset and lies down; the rowers take their places (13.70–77). After: The harbour of Phorcys (13.96–112).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The harbour of Phorcys: olive, cave, two doors
Odyssey 13.96–112
Before: The ship runs toward Ithaca as the brightest star rises (13.93–95). After: The rowers beach the ship and lay the sleeping Odysseus on the sand (13.113–125).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Landed asleep on the sand of Ithaca
Odyssey 13.113–125
Before: The cave's two doors, one for men, one for gods (13.109–112). After: Poseidon complains to Zeus and petrifies the ship on its way home (13.125–164).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Athena names the harbour, the olive, the cave and Mount Neriton
Odyssey 13.344–351
Before: Odysseus still doubts he is in Ithaca; Athena promises to show him (13.324–343). After: He kisses the earth and prays to the Naiads; the treasure is hidden in the cave (13.352–371).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The Cretan tale's storm south of Crete
Odyssey 14.301–315
Before: The false Cretan sails with a Phoenician who means to sell him (14.288–300). After: Pheidon of the Thesprotians takes him in and shows Odysseus's treasure (14.316–333).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Amnisus, a difficult harbour under the cave of Eileithyia
Odyssey 19.185–189
Before: Aethon of Crete gives his lineage (19.172–184). After: He claims to have hosted Odysseus twelve days (19.190–202).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Penelope's husband as welcome as land to swimmers
Odyssey 23.233–240
Before: The bed test: Odysseus describes the olive-tree bed and Penelope believes (23.173–232). After: Athena holds back the Dawn at the streams of Ocean (23.241–246).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Past the streams of Ocean and the rock Leucas
Odyssey 24.9–14
Before: Hermes leads the suitors' souls down like squeaking bats (24.1–9). After: In the meadow of asphodel they find Achilles, Patroclus, Antilochus and Ajax (24.15–22).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The proem: bodies made spoil for dogs and birds
Iliad 1.1–5
Before: The first lines of the poem. After: The quarrel of Agamemnon and Achilles, and its cause in the plague sent by Apollo.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The army pours out like swarming bees
Iliad 2.87–93
Before: Agamemnon, deceived by the dream, has the heralds call the assembly. After: Rumour drives the men on; the assembly settles with difficulty and Agamemnon rises with the sceptre.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Geese, cranes, swans on the Asian meadow; flies round the milk-pails
Iliad 2.459–473
Before: The fire-simile for the bronze of the marching host; the army goes out onto the plain of Scamander. After: Goatherds dividing flocks, Agamemnon like a bull among cattle, then the Catalogue of Ships. Kirk notes the movement from panoramic nature to pastoral detail.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The Trojans advance clamouring like cranes flying against the Pygmies
Iliad 3.2–7
Before: Both armies are marshalled with their leaders (end of Book 2). After: The Achaeans come on in silence; Paris steps out and Menelaus sees him with joy, like a lion on a carcass.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Diomedes as a wounded lion among the sheep
Iliad 5.136–143
Before: Athena has healed Diomedes' wound and given him sight of the gods. After: He kills Astynous, Hypeiron, Abas, Polyidus and the rest in a run of slaughter.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Jackals round a wounded stag until the lion comes
Iliad 11.474–481
Before: Odysseus, wounded and alone, calls three times for help; Menelaus hears and brings Ajax. After: Ajax comes like the lion and the Trojans scatter; Menelaus leads Odysseus out.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Ajax retreats like a lion driven from the cattle-yard at dawn
Iliad 11.548–557
Before: Zeus puts fear into Ajax; he gives ground slowly, shield behind him. After: A second simile follows at once: the stubborn donkey beaten by boys in the corn (11.558–565).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Ajax as the donkey the boys cannot drive from the corn
Iliad 11.558–565
Before: The lion simile for his retreat. After: Eurypylus comes to his aid and is wounded by Paris' arrow.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The eagle and the snake over the Trojans
Iliad 12.200–209
Before: Hector and Polydamas prepare to storm the Achaean wall. After: Polydamas reads the omen as a warning; Hector rejects it: one omen is best, to fight for one's country (12.243).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Sarpedon as the mountain lion whose belly drives him at the fold
Iliad 12.299–308
Before: Sarpedon takes up his shield and two spears to attack the wall. After: His speech to Glaucus on noblesse oblige (12.310–328).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Idomeneus stands like a boar at bay
Iliad 13.470–475
Before: Deiphobus brings Aeneas against Idomeneus. After: Idomeneus calls his companions; the duel over Alcathous' body.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The Myrmidons arm like wolves that have killed a stag
Iliad 16.156–166
Before: Achilles orders the Myrmidons to arm under Patroclus. After: The five leaders; Achilles' prayer to Dodonaean Zeus (16.233).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The Myrmidons pour out like wasps boys have stirred
Iliad 16.259–265
Before: Achilles' prayer; Zeus grants half. After: Patroclus' first kills at the ships.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The immortal horses weep for Patroclus
Iliad 17.426–440
Before: The battle over Patroclus' body; the horses of Achilles have withdrawn from the fight. After: Zeus pities them, breathes strength into them, and they carry Automedon back into the fight.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Athena gives Menelaus the daring of the fly
Iliad 17.570–573
Before: Menelaus prays to Athena over Patroclus. After: He kills Podes, Hector's friend.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Xanthus speaks: your death is near, and it is not our fault
Iliad 19.404–417
Before: Achilles, armed, rebukes his horses for leaving Patroclus dead on the field. After: The Erinyes stop the horse's voice; Achilles answers that he knows, and drives on.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Trojans in the river like fish fleeing a dolphin
Iliad 21.22–26
Before: Achilles drives half the Trojans into the Xanthus. After: He takes twelve youths alive for Patroclus' pyre and kills Lycaon.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Priam foresees his own dogs drinking his blood
Iliad 22.66–76
Before: Priam begs Hector from the wall to come inside. After: Hecuba bares her breast; Hector stays, debating flight or death.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Achilles runs Hector down like a hound after a fawn
Iliad 22.189–193
Before: Three times round the walls; Zeus weighs the fates. After: Apollo's last help; Athena deceives Hector as Deiphobus.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
No oaths between lions and men
Iliad 22.260–272
Before: Hector proposes that the victor return the other's body. After: The spear-throws; Hector's sword and death.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Dogs and birds will tear you; Hector's last plea
Iliad 22.335–354
Before: Achilles' spear finds Hector's throat. After: Hector dies foretelling Achilles' death; Achilles pierces the heels and drags the body.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Horses, dogs and twelve Trojans on Patroclus' pyre
Iliad 23.171–177
Before: The pyre is built; Achilles cuts his hair and lays it in Patroclus' hands. After: The fire will not burn until the winds are summoned.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Hermes tells Priam the dogs have not eaten Hector
Iliad 24.409–415
Before: Hermes, disguised, meets Priam on the plain by night. After: He leads Priam through the camp to Achilles.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Two eagles over the Ithacan assembly
Odyssey 2.146–156
Before: Telemachus, weeping, throws down the sceptre and asks Zeus for requital. After: Halitherses reads the sign: Odysseus is near; Eurymachus mocks him.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The suitors as fawns laid in a lion's lair
Odyssey 4.333–340
Before: Telemachus tells Menelaus of the suitors devouring his house. After: Menelaus recalls Odysseus' wrestling at Lesbos and begins the tale of Proteus.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Proteus among his seals
Odyssey 4.404–413
Before: Eidothea explains how to catch her father. After: The ambush under the sealskins; the stench and the ambrosia.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Skin torn from Odysseus' hands like pebbles from an octopus
Odyssey 5.432–435
Before: He grips the rock; the wave tears him away. After: Athena gives him presence of mind; he swims along the coast to the river-mouth.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Odysseus comes out to the girls like a rain-beaten lion
Odyssey 6.130–136
Before: The ball wakes him; he breaks off a branch to cover himself. After: The maids flee; Nausicaa stands; he deliberates how to address her.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The Cyclops milks his ewes and goats and curdles the milk
Odyssey 9.244–249
Before: He drives in the flock and blocks the door with the stone. After: He lights the fire, sees the strangers, and asks who they are.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Polyphemus speaks to his ram
Odyssey 9.444–460
Before: The men escape under the rams; Odysseus clings beneath the largest. After: Outside, they drive the flock to the ship; Odysseus taunts the Cyclops.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Wolves and lions fawn like dogs at Circe's door
Odyssey 10.212–219
Before: Eurylochus' party reaches Circe's house in the glade. After: Circe's song; she invites them in.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Swine's heads, voice and bristles; the mind unchanged
Odyssey 10.237–243
Before: She seats them and mixes the drugged drink. After: Eurylochus runs back to the ship; Odysseus goes alone.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The hides crawl, the meat lows on the spits
Odyssey 12.394–396
Before: The companions have slaughtered the Sun's cattle; Odysseus wakes to the smell. After: Six days' feasting; the storm and the thunderbolt.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Eumaeus' sties, his boars, and the dogs that rush the beggar
Odyssey 14.13–32
Before: Odysseus walks up from the harbour to the swineherd's steading. After: Eumaeus calls off the dogs and speaks of the guest's rights.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
An eagle carries off a white goose from the yard
Odyssey 15.160–178
Before: Telemachus takes leave of Menelaus and Helen. After: Helen interprets: Odysseus will return and punish the suitors.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
A hawk with a dove flies past Telemachus
Odyssey 15.525–534
Before: Telemachus tells Theoclymenus to lodge with Eurymachus. After: Theoclymenus reads it: no house in Ithaca is kinglier than his.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Argus
Odyssey 17.290–327
Before: Odysseus and Eumaeus reach the house and hear the lyre. After: Eumaeus enters; Telemachus feeds the beggar; Athena sends him to beg from the suitors.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The brooch: a hound holding a struggling fawn
Odyssey 19.226–231
Before: Penelope asks the beggar to describe Odysseus' clothes. After: The tunic like onion-skin; Penelope weeps.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The boar hunt on Parnassus and the scar
Odyssey 19.428–454
Before: Eurycleia finds the scar; the narrator turns back to the boy's visit to Autolycus. After: The wound is bound and sung over; he returns to Ithaca; Eurycleia drops the foot in the basin.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Penelope as the nightingale mourning Itylus
Odyssey 19.518–524
Before: Penelope describes her nights of care. After: Her dilemma: stay with her son or marry the best suitor.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The dream of the eagle and the twenty geese
Odyssey 19.535–553
Before: Penelope asks the beggar to interpret a dream. After: He confirms the eagle's own reading; she answers with the gates of horn and ivory.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Odysseus' heart growls like a bitch over her puppies
Odyssey 20.13–16
Before: He lies in the porch and sees the maids go to the suitors. After: He rebukes his heart and Athena comes to reassure him.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The bowstring sings like a swallow
Odyssey 21.404–411
Before: The suitors have failed; Odysseus takes the bow. After: Zeus thunders; the arrow through the axes.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The suitors like cattle under the gadfly, the killers like vultures
Odyssey 22.299–309
Before: Athena lifts the aegis; the suitors panic. After: Leodes begs and is killed; Phemius and Medon are spared.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The dead suitors like fish poured out on the shore
Odyssey 22.383–389
Before: Odysseus looks over the hall for any survivor. After: He sends for Eurycleia and forbids her cry of triumph.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The hanged women like thrushes or doves in a net
Odyssey 22.465–473
Before: Telemachus refuses the women a clean death. After: Melanthius is mutilated; the house is purified with sulphur.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The suitors' souls like bats in a cave
Odyssey 24.5–9
Before: Hermes summons the souls with the golden wand. After: Past the streams of Ocean and the White Rock to the meadow of asphodel.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
《伊利亚特》序诗：愤怒、死亡与宙斯意旨
Iliad 1.1–17
与H02、V01比较开头的主题宾语、歌唱者和苦难原因；与H05比较οὐλομένην、苦难和战争之间的措辞。
不能把Διὸς βουλή在此自动解释成《塞浦路斯纪》所有具体情节；共同措辞与特定失诗的借用方向是两个问题。
《奥德赛》序诗：那个人、苦难与归乡
Odyssey 1.1–20
ἄνδρα与Aen.1.1的virum并读；πολλὰ及海上苦难与multum、多重劳苦并读。
只把史诗叙事明确表达的对应列为文本观察，不由两个开头独立证明两诗作者身份或精确年代。
阿基琉斯说出寿命与不朽声名的两条道路
Iliad 9.400–426
H04把这位英雄放到死亡以后重新谈生命；H03自身已说生命无法赎回，不能写成《伊利亚特》从来不珍惜活着。
说出两个命运的选择，不等于这一刻已最终选择战死。κλέος ἄφθιτον译不朽声名，也包含经歌唱流传的意义。
亡魂阿基琉斯：活着、儿子与父亲
Odyssey 11.478–501
与H03的νόστος、κλέος及生命价值比较；此处说话者是奥德修斯向费埃克斯人讲述中的阿基琉斯。
θητεύειν是受雇劳动，不直接等于奴隶身份。讲话随后追问儿子的战功和父亲的荣誉，不能截成彻底抛弃一切英雄价值。
从毁灭性的愤怒到毁灭性的肚腹
Odyssey 17.276–299
οὐλομένην及给人苦难的结构回响H01中对μῆνις的形容；语法上这里形容的是γαστήρ，肚腹。英雄战争与日常求食因此发生尺度转换。Steiner2010导论摘页明确提出此比较。
这不是逐字重印整个序诗，也不能把它的效果只判为嘲笑战争；说话者正在维持乞丐伪装，饥饿又确实可解释出海劫掠。
波塞冬保全埃涅阿斯及其后裔
Iliad 20.297–318
与H07中女神预告儿子及后代统治特洛伊人形成十分接近的措辞；H08把这条未来谱系推进到拉丁姆、阿尔巴和罗马。
本段预言没有说意大利、罗马或奥古斯都，不能把维吉尔的终点倒读为荷马已经明确预言的内容。
《致阿佛洛狄忒颂》：埃涅阿斯的出生预言
Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite 186–209
196–197与H06的20.307–308对应统治特洛伊人及子孙的预告；名字Αἰνείας又被诗解释为女神的αἰνὸν ἄχος，强烈悲痛。
Evelyn-White1914本地XML与West2003均将统治预言编号196–197、命名198–199。Faulkner2011导论p14写197–198，与这两底本不一致；本文按实际原文编号，不据此虚构统一的版本偏移。家族赞助背景属于学说，不是诗中直接说出的演出场合。
朱庇特把特洛伊后裔的未来扩展到罗马
Aeneid 1.257–279
与H06、H07并读，比较同一谱系承诺的地理与时间尺度：统治特洛伊人成为拉丁姆、阿尔巴、罗马及无尽imperium。
埃涅阿斯本人没有在这些诗行建立罗马；诗清楚区分他、阿斯卡尼乌斯、伊利娅和罗慕路斯的世代。预测中的秩序与全诗人物付出的代价可同时讨论。
《埃涅阿斯纪》序诗：战争、那个人与神的愤怒
Aeneid 1.1–22
arma使战争进入第一个位置，virum对应Od.1.1的ἄνδρα；愤怒与缪斯呼告又连接Il.1。结构是兼取并重组，不是严格前六卷仅用《奥德赛》、后六卷仅用《伊利亚特》。
1.5所说建城并非埃涅阿斯本人建立罗马；1.6–7明列后裔与城邑的递进。pietas译敬神尽责，不能仅缩为孝或虔诚。
埃阿斯的沉默：活人的辩解未能换来回答
Odyssey 11.541–567
V03继承相见、活人表示遗憾、把原因归于神、请求停步、亡者拒答而离开的次序；被换掉的是性别、关系以及对方返回的人群。
只有宙斯负责，是奥德修斯的发言，不是叙述之外的定论。本段没有细说埃阿斯发狂、自杀的过程；11.565–567也阻止我们把沉默说成作者宣判永远不可能和解。
狄多的沉默：把埃阿斯场景移入爱情与使命
Aeneid 6.450–476
与V02比较：活着的英雄向因自己而受伤的人申辩，诉诸诸神，亡者拒绝回答。Aeneas的invitus与神命既表达他的使命，也使读者追问这些话能否抚平受害者的经验。
6.468 lacrimasque ciebat归谁的泪有争论；此处据Horsfall2013 pp349–350的尝试性未完成时理解为试着引出泪水，未说狄多实际上哭了。另有译法将泪水归给埃涅阿斯。
赫克托尔求归还遗体与阿基琉斯的拒绝
Iliad 22.337–363
与V05比较父亲、遗体、求告和复仇；22.362–363魂灵离身、哀叹生命青春，又与Aen.12.952构成死亡公式的对应。
赫克托尔此处并非请求保住性命。诗中死者对阿基琉斯之死的预言也没有提脚踵。
图尔努斯之死：停手的可能与复仇的返回
Aeneid 12.930–952
V04的败者求尸、父亲和复仇关系被重组：埃涅阿斯确实迟疑，却看见帕拉斯的剑带而杀人。末句呼应荷马魂灵哀叹离身，也与本诗11.831卡米拉死亡行相同。
merui与scelerato分别属于人物发言，不能直接当作叙述者替读者完成的道德判决。Quint2018 p25引为12.948–959系错误范围；本诗止于952，本附件按底本。
《塞浦路斯纪》残篇1：减轻大地负担
Cypria West fr.1.1–7，全部七行；前两行有补字
第7行与Il.1.5同用宙斯的意旨实现。Il.1开头着眼阿基琉斯愤怒造成的死亡，本残篇把战争放入减轻人口负担的宇宙计划。
尖括号为编辑补字，不是无损传本。仅七行不含摩摩斯或人类不虔敬等细节。相同套语不足以单独证明哪一部直接抄另一部。
《小伊利亚特》：木马与离营的梗概
Little Iliad 普罗克洛斯梗概§5，两句散文；剔除本版另标的阿波罗多洛斯补文
对读H10的歌中木马与V06的特洛伊幸存者回忆。共同事件很具体；维吉尔是否直接使用这一失传版本，仍不能由梗概独证。
这是后代散文内容摘要，不是失传六步格诗。West为补足内容插入的其他作者文字，不能在去掉括号后统称普罗克洛斯原话。
《小伊利亚特》开篇残句
Little Iliad West fr.1，全存两行
城市作为歌唱对象，达那奥斯人承受战争苦难；与Il.1、Od.1、Aen.1比较主题的命名。又见A06传记§16。
小不是现存《伊利亚特》的删节版。诗的古代归属和内容边界都有问题。
《归乡集》：阿特柔斯兄弟分歧
Nostoi 普罗克洛斯梗概§1的三句；未混入本版的其他作者补文
与H09的Od.3.120–145共同表现雅典娜使兄弟争执；《奥德赛》把复数的返乡故事变成忒勒马科斯寻找父亲消息的材料。
梗概遗漏不等于原诗没有：保萨尼阿斯10.28.7还证言该诗包含冥府材料，其位置不确定。Aen.1.39–45也提雅典娜惩罚埃阿斯，但不独证读过这部诗。
《忒拜纪》：餐桌、遗物和父亲的诅咒
Thebaid West fr.2，十个完整行位及第十一行开头残字
与Il.4的父辈攻忒拜、儿辈后来取胜组成共享神话世界。与《奥德赛》家产及饮宴冲突可作主题对照，但没有证据把此残篇当作其直接底本。
不是斯塔提乌斯的拉丁《忒拜纪》。θεὰν为编辑读法，〈ἐν〉为补字；末行仅τε，不把完整译意伪装成完好原行。
《后裔篇》：年轻一代的开场
Epigoni West fr.1，存世开篇一行
Il.4.405–409斯忒涅洛斯称儿辈胜过父辈：儿辈取城，父辈因自身莽撞而死。可对读H11，却不能据一行复原《后裔篇》的整套人物评价。
古代有荷马和安提马科斯等不同归属；作者身份不因归属名称而确定。
涅斯托耳讲述诸英雄返乡的分歧
Odyssey 3.120–145
与C04《归乡集》梗概对读，注意这是涅斯托耳向忒勒马科斯讲述，不是无人物立场的编年史。
保留既有已审译文；窗口边界和未结束的句子在叙事说明中标出。
木马之歌与哭泣的胜利者
Odyssey 8.477–530
与C02、V06比较：希腊获胜者听自己的战争故事，却被比作被俘女人。
保留既有已审译文；窗口边界和未结束的句子在叙事说明中标出。
《荷马与赫西俄德竞赛》：农事与战争如何被选编和评判
Contest of Homer and Hesiod §§12–13，编辑行176–214；26诗行与3散文单元
直接引用最确定：所谓荷马选诗把Il.13.126–133和339–344拼接，形成连续战阵；赫西俄德选诗取《工作与时日》383–392而改结尾。
编辑行号并不全是诗行号。国王判赫西俄德获胜，而希腊观众赞叹荷马，叙事保留判断冲突。Bassino不把它当作简单、无争议的和平宣言。
荷马名下短诗：米达斯墓铭的六行版本
Homeric Epigrams Epigram 3，六行本全文
与Il.7.87–91的墓标、过路航海者和永存声名作母题比较。不能从墓铭的第一人称认定作者就是两大史诗的作者。
第2行用Evelyn-White正文νάῃ，其注记另传ῥέῃ。该诗也归于克勒俄布洛斯。XML校勘note不能混入诗文。
《窑炉》：喀耳刻的药物进入陶工的作坊
Homeric Epigrams 通常称Epigram 14，全文23行；本段采用West正文
15行太阳之女、精通药物的喀耳刻，对应Od.10.135–139及276的谱系和形容语。史诗中的神力成为作坊酬报和生产风险的语言。
第6行采用R.M.Cook校改；第11行West标十字疑难，约译不可掩饰坏损。此诗另有赫西俄德归属。
《蛙鼠之战》：把英雄的语言移到池塘
Batrachomyomachia West 1–21，卷首长窗口
战歌序诗与Il.1并读；13、15–16行把Od.1.170等身份询问和客友赠礼程式移入池塘；Πηλεύς又使人想到阿基琉斯父亲，也有泥地命名游戏。
不是可证的荷马少年作。第17行保留West所印εἶμι，按自我介绍语境译我是，不默改为通常的εἰμί。West本后续删通行22–23而接24，本窗口止21不补删行。书页和书板自述不能倒推两大史诗的创作方式。
《马耳癸忒斯》：无能的主人公与喜剧的祖先
Margites 三个独立残篇共六行，另附《诗学》1448b散文证言
把多知而样样不精与奥德修斯的多能比较，是可行的主题阅读；亚里士多德把本诗置于喜剧谱系，则是明确的古代接受证言。
六行不能连成完整情节。fr.1.3为抑扬格三音步，不能一概称为六步格。亚里士多德归属荷马是古代判断，不是现代作者鉴定。
《攻陷俄伊卡利亚》：残句、弓的家族与署名争论
Capture of Oechalia 一行真正残诗；另附Strabo 14.1.18及其所引卡利马科斯四行短诗
H12把欧律托斯—伊甫托斯—奥德修斯的弓及赫拉克勒斯杀客友相连；属于共同人物世界。卡利马科斯短诗直接讨论署名，则是另一层接受史互文。
〈αὐτή〉为Köchly补字，γ’为Peppmüller改读。卡利马科斯四行不是失诗残文。旧Evelyn-White与West残句不同，本轮未追尽校勘史，不把旧本的荷马式句子当成直接借句定论。
《Phocais》：只有归属证言，不能制造原诗互文
Phocais 传记§16全文；零行可认定为《Phocais》原诗
本节可用于研究署名、记录、表演及占有诗歌的冲突。没有《Phocais》原诗，不能检验其与Il.、Od.或Aen.的逐句互文。
Φώκαια为小亚细亚福开亚，不是希腊本土福基斯。这里没有建城一词或情节梗概；建城史诗只是现代推测。所引四诗行分别出自《小伊利亚特》和Epigram 5。末行ἀνθρώποιο为West接受的校改；转写将附写ι规范为下标ι。
父辈与儿辈：谁更有资格讲英雄传统？
Iliad 4.395–419
《忒拜纪》的前代攻城传统和《后裔篇》的后代取城传统，在阿伽门农与斯忒涅洛斯的争论中分别成为论据。4.409的自身狂妄可对读Od.1.7。
这不是照抄现已失传的某一固定版本的证明。ἀγορῇ是集会场合，不能解作市场经营。狄俄墨得斯没有赞同简单的父辈或儿辈优越论，而是结束争论、准备战斗。
木马：特洛伊人如何相信战争已经结束
Aeneid 2.13–39
与H10、C02对读。Od.8已写雅典娜助造木马；本诗divina Palladis arte延续这一要素，转由被欺骗者讲述。
Od.8.506–509争论时马已入城，选项是刺穿、抛下岩顶、留作悦神之物；此段争论在入城之前，包含焚烧和探查，不是完全相同的三项。2.13本地XML在句号后缺空格，排版可读性问题不改词。
弓的客友记忆：伊甫托斯、欧律托斯与赫拉克勒斯
Odyssey 21.13–41
与A05《攻陷俄伊卡利亚》的归属证言和欧律托斯家族传统对读。共同人物不足以保证所有故事版本一致。
21.17债偿缘自劫掠，不能据此重建货币信贷；21.31回叙发生在杀人前；尚未同席是尚未互访宴请，非从未见面。Od.8.224–228说欧律托斯被阿波罗杀死，21卷所述赫拉克勒斯杀的是其子伊甫托斯，两段本身无直接矛盾。
Boat-building: tools, timber, joinery, sail and launch
Odyssey 5.224–271
Night, then dawn. Calypso hands him a bronze axe and an adze and shows him the stand of alder, poplar and fir, long dry so that it will float light. He fells twenty trees, dresses them to the line, bores and pins them, lays out the craft as broad as a merchantman's floor, adds decking, ribs and gunwales, mast, yard and steering-oar, fences it with wicker against the wave, makes the sail from her cloth, rigs braces, halyards and sheets, and levers it into the sea. On the fourth day it is finished; on the fifth she sends him off, bathed, dressed and provisioned, with a warm fair wind.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Steering by the stars: the Pleiades, Boötes and the Bear kept on the left
Odyssey 5.260–287
Launch, provisions and fair wind close the work. He steers seated and sleepless, watching the Pleiades, late-setting Boötes and the Bear, called the Wain, which alone never bathes in Ocean, keeping it on his left hand as Calypso told him. Seventeen days; on the eighteenth the shadowy mountains of the Phaeacians rise like a shield on the misty sea. Poseidon, returning from the Aethiopians, sees him from afar, grows angry and begins to speak to himself.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The drill and the quenched axe: blinding Polyphemus
Odyssey 9.374–404
He heats the stake again and rallies the crew. They drive the point into the eye while he bears down from above and turns it, as a shipwright's drill is spun by the strap men pull below. The eye hisses like a great axe or adze a smith plunges into cold water to treat the iron. Polyphemus tears the stake out, hurls it away and shouts for the Cyclopes of the windy heights, who gather and ask what ails him.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Helen's nepenthes and the drugs of Egypt
Odyssey 4.209–242
Menelaus turns the company back to supper. Helen drops into the wine a drug that stills grief and anger and makes a man forget every ill, so that for that day he would not weep even if his parents died or his brother or son were cut down before his eyes. The drugs came from Polydamna, wife of Thon, in Egypt, where the earth bears drugs good and harmful and every man is a physician of the race of Paeon. Helen then bids the company take pleasure in stories and begins one about Odysseus.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Hermes shows the moly: black root, milk-white flower
Odyssey 10.292–316
Hermes' instructions: when she strikes with her wand, draw the sword as if to kill her; when she asks him to her bed, refuse until she swears the great oath not to plot further harm or unman him. He pulls the plant from the ground and shows its nature: black root, flower like milk; the gods call it moly and it is hard for mortals to dig. Hermes leaves for Olympus; Odysseus goes to Circe's doors, is led in and seated on a silver-studded chair while she mixes the potion in a golden cup.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The king's place and mastery of the house
Odyssey 1.384–408
Antinous mocks the boy's bold speaking and prays Zeus never make him king in Ithaca, though the place is his by birth. Telemachus grants that kingship brings wealth and honour, then distinguishes: there are many other kings of the Achaeans in Ithaca, young and old, and one of them may have that place now that Odysseus is dead; but he will be lord of his own house and of the slaves Odysseus won for him. Eurymachus answers that who shall be king lies on the knees of the gods, wishes him his possessions and mastery in his own halls, and turns to ask who the departed stranger was.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The invited specialist and the beggar
Odyssey 17.372–397
Melanthius says he does not know the man's birth. Antinous rebukes Eumaeus for bringing another beggar to town: are there not enough vagrants eating up the master's substance? Eumaeus answers that a noble man should not speak so, and lists those whom one does invite from abroad: the dēmioergoi, seer, healer, builder, singer, who are bidden all over the earth; no one invites a beggar to eat him out of house. He adds that Antinous is harsh to Odysseus' slaves and to him above all. Telemachus tells him not to waste words and turns on Antinous with irony about his fatherly care.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Eumaeus buys Mesaulius: an enslaved man with means
Odyssey 14.439–462
Odysseus thanks his host; Eumaeus answers that the god gives one thing and withholds another. After the first offerings and the libation, Mesaulius serves the bread, and the narrator explains who he is: the swineherd had got him by himself, while the master was away, without the mistress or old Laertes, buying him from the Taphians with his own goods. They eat and go to bed; a foul night comes on with rain and wind, and Odysseus, to test whether the swineherd will lend him a cloak, begins a story.
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Eumaeus on what slavery takes away: Argus and the absent master
Odyssey 17.312–333
Eumaeus praises the hound's old speed and strength and ties its neglect to the master's absence. He generalises: slaves whose masters no longer rule them will not do what is proper, for Zeus takes away half a man's worth when the day of slavery comes on him. He goes in; the narrator tells that Argus dies having seen Odysseus in the twentieth year. Telemachus beckons the swineherd to him (17.312–333).
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Registration and scrutiny of citizens
Constitution of the Athenians A01 — Constitution of the Athenians 42.1 · Registration and scrutiny of citizens Citizenship · 公民资格
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The four Solonian classes and how later readers explained them
Constitution of the Athenians A02 — Constitution of the Athenians 7.3–4 · The four Solonian classes and how later readers explained them Census classes · 财产等级
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
The law stands, the property bar has slackened in practice
Constitution of the Athenians A03 — Constitution of the Athenians 47.1 · The law stands, the property bar has slackened in practice Office and wealth · 任官与财富
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
Poverty, occupation and citizen birth
Demosthenes A04 — Demosthenes 57 (Against Eubulides) 45 · Poverty, occupation and citizen birth Poverty and status · 贫穷与身份
Selection and interpretation are inherited from the original reader; not independently re-audited by this discovery layer.
昆体良的规范性论述
Quintilian · 雄辩术原理 2.5.5–13
解释随后辞格例证赖以使用的阅读制度：交代案件、分析论证与措辞、考察情感、辨别优劣。不是遇到Cicero词名就认定特定篇章在课表中。
本段是一套规范性教学方案；不能据此统计实际学校、学生或授课次数。
昆体良；另转述演说练习者的做法
Quintilian · 雄辩术原理 4.1.48–51
西塞罗改变身份的解释被命名为prolepsis：后来的教师可以把一次具体的自我辩解作为可迁移的开篇手法。
昆体良随即批评演说练习者滥用相反起笔；范例地位不等于任何案件都应照搬。
昆体良
Quintilian · 雄辩术原理 5.13.16–19
作为维雷斯财务官的经历，本来被凯基利乌斯用作争取优先资格的理由，却被西塞罗转为关系义务和不宜反目控告的理由；前文另有共谋与不敢控告的论点。该分类重构了Divinatio的策略。
这里概括论点群，不能把整段一对一等同于Div. 18–22；并非独立证明凯基利乌斯确曾共谋。
昆体良，区分他转述的批评与自己的辩护
Quintilian · 雄辩术原理 6.3.1–5
接受并非单纯崇敬：昆体良承认“过多求笑”的批评，又区分西塞罗自造笑话和借传闻引入的笑话，把部分名誉问题归于编者选择。
对提罗或另一编者的身份带有原文的不确定性；不能将所有流传笑话都归入可靠演说文本。
昆体良；笑话在其叙述中归于他人
Quintilian · 雄辩术原理 6.3.54–56
例子借verres（阉猪）与人名、Sacerdos（祭司）与人名的双重身份实现讽刺；昆体良保存了笑话，又将其置于可能“冷淡无趣”的技巧类别。
本条只把已核定位的两例映射到节号；verrere概述未指定唯一对应句。汉译保留拉丁词才能显现同音机制。
昆体良对审判策略的后出解释
Quintilian · 雄辩术原理 6.5.1–6
第一轮审判的时间安排进入关于判断与谋划的论述。其重要性在于怎样决定不用尽既有演说资源。
昆体良是后出的解释者；此处不能独立核实每一天的审判日程。
昆体良
Quintilian · 雄辩术原理 7.4.32–35
“受害者最愿意谁控告、被告最不愿意谁控告”被提炼为两分结构；具体政治关系转化成可教的控告者比较。
qualitas在这里是争点性质的术语，不只是现代所谓作品质量；分类并不证明所有divinationes都采用相同程序。
昆体良
Quintilian · 雄辩术原理 8.3.61–65
维雷斯穿便鞋、依着女人的形象成为使读者如亲见的范例。引文在这里服务于修辞效果的分析。
强烈的可视性不能变成场景真实的独立保证；与Q13对照，描绘生动也不意味着演说者应模仿人物姿态。
昆体良
Quintilian · 雄辩术原理 8.4.1–5
Verrines被拆为两种可区分的放大策略：重新命名罪行与建立严重程度的阶梯。两个不同书卷在同一修辞论证中相接。
Q8.4.2应对应Verr. 2.1.9，不是Div. Caec. 11；阶梯是控方价值安排，不是中性的量刑表。
昆体良
Quintilian · 雄辩术原理 9.2.16–19
同一开篇又被归为praemunitio，说明现代研究不能把古代分类名称的不同误计为不同的接受事件。
与Q02属于同一作者同一作品的重复处理；可计两处引证，不能计作两个独立读者。
昆体良；引入西塞罗模拟的声音
Quintilian · 雄辩术原理 9.2.57–61
西塞罗叙述自己先前所言，或假装被戒指故事提醒、想不起雕刻家姓名，都成为降低预先设计感的方法。
“自然”“未经准备”是文本制造的印象；不能据此判断这些句子在现场临时想出。
昆体良；评价对象为自我呈现的做法
Quintilian · 雄辩术原理 11.1.17–21
“但愿我全都具备”及其后苦学说明，进入如何谈论本人雄辩的规范。这给Divinatio中的谦抑语言提供了古代评价尺度。
昆体良的规范性读法不能直接等同于西塞罗原来的主观动机；第21节的财富、身份、能力例句句法不完全平行，汉译依此保留。
昆体良；批评照演动作，并非否定原作描绘
Quintilian · 雄辩术原理 11.3.88–92
同一生动画面被用于划定演说者与舞者、演员的界限。文本流传也为训练身体提供材料，但并不要求身体照演。
这是对后世表演的规定，不是西塞罗实际动作或声线的记录。
昆体良及其概述的不同意见
Quintilian · 雄辩术原理 12.10.49–57
书面演说作为实际陈词的纪念与教人应当怎样说的范本，形成有张力的双重定位；为理解未讲出的第二轮演说提供理论背景。
此处并未专门讨论Verrines；不能把一般命题强行变成有关第二轮发表过程的史实证言。
昆体良
Quintilian · 雄辩术原理 5.10.75–77
共和时期告示溯及既往的具体争议被压缩成时间逻辑的可迁移例子，同时也显示引用文字与现存西塞罗本的细微差异。
引文不同于Peterson本文的词序和语式；保留昆体良文本，不以西塞罗本默改引者。
格利乌斯叙事中的匿名友人；另转述欲改文本者
Aulus Gellius · 阿提卡之夜 1.7.1–20
futurum/futuram争论将可靠书本、语法预期和古人用法放在同一场检验中。西塞罗既是语言权威，也需要由阅读与比较来维护。
所谓可靠书本是格利乌斯叙事中的评价；现存TEI不是他亲手使用的书本。
格利乌斯转述加维乌斯·巴苏斯及其他解释者
Aulus Gellius · 阿提卡之夜 2.4.1–6
词源推测本身就是古代解释工作的对象，为理解注释传统为何讨论法庭程序提供对照。
本章不因讨论divinatio就自动成为Divinatio in Caecilium被阅读的直接证据。其词源说也不能直接证明制度起源。
格利乌斯的比较判断；格拉古、加图是比较文本作者
Aulus Gellius · 阿提卡之夜 10.3.1–19
盖维乌斯受鞭刑的段落被用来争论叙事力度、措辞、持续时态与情感。大上下文使西塞罗的卓越成为有对手、有理由的判断。
这是格利乌斯组织的文学比较，不是跨时代受众反应的统计；古拉丁文的价值并未因此完全被排除。
格利乌斯报告其查阅读本所得
Aulus Gellius · 阿提卡之夜 12.10.1–8
词形选择让Verrines进入古语汇的考证，显示后来读者关心的可以是神庙看守的名称，而非案件主旨。
正确节号为2.4.96；不同文本的aeditumi/aeditui不能悄悄合并为同一无差别形式。
格利乌斯所记法沃里努斯问答；不把角色之言直接等于作者全体立场
Aulus Gellius · 阿提卡之夜 13.25.1–32
Divinatio中城市、居所、神庙以及荒废、洗劫的层叠，成为有效放大的对照例；由此反问另一篇中praeda与manubiae是否真为同义。
不宜只截取Divinatio的两句，就把全章说成专论该演说；它展示跨作品的语言判断。
格利乌斯所记苏尔皮基乌斯·阿波利纳里斯
Aulus Gellius · 阿提卡之夜 20.6.1–15
一个古典作者的短语如何与希腊语、普劳图斯、格拉古、萨卢斯特并列，支撑关于正确语言与抄本改坏的论述。
格利乌斯未在本段注明西塞罗篇名。Pro Plancio 16–17有相近措辞，仍不足以确认此处两个短引的唯一出处；不计入Div/Verr的直接证据。
格利乌斯与苏尔皮基乌斯·阿波利纳里斯的交互反驳
Aulus Gellius · 阿提卡之夜 12.13.17–29
引用Verrines不是为了替既定规则背书，而是学生向教师提出反证；后续书信和另一篇演说又使问题重新打开。
大洋环绕陆地是对话中的地理前提；本段不是绘制古代实测世界地图的资料。
格利乌斯的声音与书本判断
Aulus Gellius · 阿提卡之夜 13.21.13–24
fretu、peccatu、antistitae使读者把语法与声音同时纳入判断；“提罗系”书本的自述是古代读者如何担保文本的证据。
Tironianus不能直接译成提罗亲笔原稿；Gellius所传peccatu与Peterson正文peccato有别，必须分别保留。
小普林尼的书信声音；朋友的反对意见另列
Pliny the Younger · 书信集 1.20.6–13
小普林尼明确把一个仿佛即兴的句子放入“我们知道只曾出版”的演说中，证明古代读者已经能区分文本的现场效果与实际发表史。
小普林尼在论辩中提出自己的范本理论；他的全部一般化主张并非现代共识。2.4.5是节号，旧式章号3不可当作节号。
普鲁塔克的传记叙述，内含归于西塞罗的妙语
Plutarch · 西塞罗传 7.3–6
胜诉的传记记忆压缩为弃长篇陈词而举证的机智，再以妙语强化人物形象；它和教材的程序分析采用不同解释形式。
凯基利乌斯的社会身份和所谓犹太教倾向是此传记的说法，未由本项目独立证实；妙语不等于可归入现存演说的逐字记录。
伪阿斯科尼乌斯注释传统；个人与各层年代未定
Pseudo-Asconius · 西塞罗演说注 Stangl 185.2–186.17
提要把散布在演说中的自我说明重新组织成程序、论点与修辞分类。这是阅读方式的证据。注家认定凯基利乌斯为西西里人等具体说法，并不因收入提要就获得独立史实地位。三种divinatio词源应与G02的两说比较，而不相加为三条可靠程序规则。
不是公元前70年的现场见证；与西塞罗本文及其他解释传统的关系需逐条判断。所谓未宣誓审判者尤其不能无条件当作共和晚期法制事实。
伪阿斯科尼乌斯注家对句法的判断
Pseudo-Asconius · 西塞罗演说注 Stangl 186.19–22
与Q02、Q10将开场读成预先防御的范例并置，同一句话又能成为句法纠错对象。注家并非只为权威作者辩护；他记录不同读法，并提出添加连接成分的办法。
注家的语法诊断不是现代校勘结论；multi不提供读者数量、地点或可辨识抄本。
伪阿斯科尼乌斯连续注释；不将注家断言当作外部史实
Pseudo-Asconius · 西塞罗演说注 Stangl 197.1–16
这组注释把‘另一桩罪行’判断为修辞威胁，同时把indicium解释为共犯提供内情以换取免罚。前后同读，可以看出法律术语如何服务于攻击凯基利乌斯的说话资格。与PAP01有相近问题意识，但不能据相似就断定直接抄袭。
‘这些罪行并不存在’是注家的解释，不是对所有相关历史指控完成了独立调查。共和国法律细节不可仅凭此晚期注释重建。
伪阿斯科尼乌斯提要；末尾材料可能有层次问题
Pseudo-Asconius · 西塞罗演说注 Stangl 224.2–25
注家明说后续内容是写成而非说出的，又将缺席的庭审场面解释成西塞罗有意建构的教学展示。这个提要不只是保存‘未发表’消息，更展示后来读者如何赋予书面控诉以完整的艺术功能。末段借《埃涅阿斯纪》中的米诺斯说明罗马审判程序，显出跨作者解释。
对作者动机的解释是晚期接受证据；其所述第一轮曾有完整辩护，不能不经核查当成公元前70年的事实。校者指出结尾可能另有修订层次，因此不据它直接确定整篇年代或对Servius的依赖方向。
匿名旁注；长注中模拟西塞罗的发言；具体注手身份未定
P.Ryl. III 477 · 书册旁注 P.Ryl. III 477, fol. I recto, marginal notes a–c on Div. Caec. 34
拉丁引词触发希腊语的长篇解释：先规定共同犯罪者提供内情与免罚的关系，再转入西塞罗与凯基利乌斯的争论。它显示读者需要把共和国演说中的法律语言解释成自己能够使用的概念。
可能面向具有法律兴趣的希腊语读者；具体职业、学校与地点未获证明。不得把它当作正式法律条文，也不能由它与伪阿斯科尼乌斯相似就断言两者直接依赖。转录的第18–23行尤其残损；译文不能达到完整无疑的程度。
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