{
 "_about": "Animal passages of the Iliad and the Odyssey for reports/ANIMALS.html (2026-09-06). Greek and English are pulled at build time (Iliad: Perseus tlg0012.tlg001 grc2 + Murray 1924; Odyssey: the dossier's pinned jsonl + Murray 1919). Categories: simile (the animal is a comparison), household (kept, herded, fed, owned), corpse (dogs and birds at the dead), omen (birds read as signs), boundary (the line between man and beast crossed or refused), voice (an animal given grief or speech), sacrifice. Outlines EN/ZH written for this page, CC BY-SA 4.0. Word counts on the page are computed from the texts, whole word-forms only.",
 "passages": [
  {"id":"A01","work":"il","book":1,"a":1,"z":5,"cat":"corpse","title_en":"The proem: bodies made spoil for dogs and birds","title_zh":"序诗：尸身成为狗与鸟的食物","before_en":"The first lines of the poem.","before_zh":"全诗开头。","after_en":"The quarrel of Agamemnon and Achilles, and its cause in the plague sent by Apollo.","after_zh":"阿伽门农与阿基琉斯的争执，及其起因阿波罗降疫。"},
  {"id":"A02","work":"il","book":2,"a":87,"z":93,"cat":"simile","title_en":"The army pours out like swarming bees","title_zh":"军众如蜂群涌出","before_en":"Agamemnon, deceived by the dream, has the heralds call the assembly.","before_zh":"阿伽门农受梦欺骗，令传令官召集大会。","after_en":"Rumour drives the men on; the assembly settles with difficulty and Agamemnon rises with the sceptre.","after_zh":"谣言催众人前行；大会艰难安坐，阿伽门农持杖起立。"},
  {"id":"A03","work":"il","book":2,"a":459,"z":473,"cat":"simile","title_en":"Geese, cranes, swans on the Asian meadow; flies round the milk-pails","title_zh":"亚细亚草地上的雁、鹤、天鹅；奶桶边的苍蝇","before_en":"The fire-simile for the bronze of the marching host; the army goes out onto the plain of Scamander.","before_zh":"行军青铜的火光比喻；军队走上斯卡曼德罗斯平原。","after_en":"Goatherds dividing flocks, Agamemnon like a bull among cattle, then the Catalogue of Ships. Kirk notes the movement from panoramic nature to pastoral detail.","after_zh":"牧羊人分群，阿伽门农如牛群中的公牛，继而船表。Kirk 指出从辽阔自然到牧场细节的推进。"},
  {"id":"A04","work":"il","book":3,"a":2,"z":7,"cat":"simile","title_en":"The Trojans advance clamouring like cranes flying against the Pygmies","title_zh":"特洛伊人喧嚷进军，如飞向皮格迈人的鹤","before_en":"Both armies are marshalled with their leaders (end of Book 2).","before_zh":"两军各随将领列阵（第 2 卷末）。","after_en":"The Achaeans come on in silence; Paris steps out and Menelaus sees him with joy, like a lion on a carcass.","after_zh":"阿开奥斯人默然前进；帕里斯出阵，墨涅拉俄斯见他如狮见猎物而喜。"},
  {"id":"A05","work":"il","book":5,"a":136,"z":143,"cat":"simile","title_en":"Diomedes as a wounded lion among the sheep","title_zh":"狄奥墨得斯如受伤的狮子闯入羊群","before_en":"Athena has healed Diomedes' wound and given him sight of the gods.","before_zh":"雅典娜治愈狄奥墨得斯的伤并使他能见诸神。","after_en":"He kills Astynous, Hypeiron, Abas, Polyidus and the rest in a run of slaughter.","after_zh":"他连杀阿斯提诺奥斯、许佩戎、阿巴斯、波吕伊多斯等人。"},
  {"id":"A06","work":"il","book":11,"a":474,"z":481,"cat":"simile","title_en":"Jackals round a wounded stag until the lion comes","title_zh":"豺围受伤的鹿，直到狮子来到","before_en":"Odysseus, wounded and alone, calls three times for help; Menelaus hears and brings Ajax.","before_zh":"奥德修斯负伤独处，三呼求援；墨涅拉俄斯听见，带埃阿斯来。","after_en":"Ajax comes like the lion and the Trojans scatter; Menelaus leads Odysseus out.","after_zh":"埃阿斯如狮而至，特洛伊人散去；墨涅拉俄斯扶奥德修斯退出。"},
  {"id":"A07","work":"il","book":11,"a":548,"z":557,"cat":"simile","title_en":"Ajax retreats like a lion driven from the cattle-yard at dawn","title_zh":"埃阿斯退却，如黎明被逐出牛栏的狮子","before_en":"Zeus puts fear into Ajax; he gives ground slowly, shield behind him.","before_zh":"宙斯使埃阿斯生畏；他持盾缓缓后退。","after_en":"A second simile follows at once: the stubborn donkey beaten by boys in the corn (11.558–565).","after_zh":"紧接第二个比喻：田中被孩童打的倔驴（11.558–565）。"},
  {"id":"A08","work":"il","book":11,"a":558,"z":565,"cat":"simile","title_en":"Ajax as the donkey the boys cannot drive from the corn","title_zh":"埃阿斯如孩童赶不走的驴","before_en":"The lion simile for his retreat.","before_zh":"其退却的狮子比喻。","after_en":"Eurypylus comes to his aid and is wounded by Paris' arrow.","after_zh":"欧律皮罗斯来援，被帕里斯箭伤。"},
  {"id":"A09","work":"il","book":12,"a":200,"z":209,"cat":"omen","title_en":"The eagle and the snake over the Trojans","title_zh":"特洛伊人上空的鹰与蛇","before_en":"Hector and Polydamas prepare to storm the Achaean wall.","before_zh":"赫克托尔与波吕达马斯准备攻打阿开奥斯人的墙。","after_en":"Polydamas reads the omen as a warning; Hector rejects it: one omen is best, to fight for one's country (12.243).","after_zh":"波吕达马斯读作警告；赫克托尔拒绝：最好的预兆是为祖国而战（12.243）。"},
  {"id":"A10","work":"il","book":12,"a":299,"z":308,"cat":"simile","title_en":"Sarpedon as the mountain lion whose belly drives him at the fold","title_zh":"萨耳佩冬如被肚腹驱向羊栏的山狮","before_en":"Sarpedon takes up his shield and two spears to attack the wall.","before_zh":"萨耳佩冬持盾与双矛攻墙。","after_en":"His speech to Glaucus on noblesse oblige (12.310–328).","after_zh":"他对格劳科斯讲高位者之责（12.310–328）。"},
  {"id":"A11","work":"il","book":13,"a":470,"z":475,"cat":"simile","title_en":"Idomeneus stands like a boar at bay","title_zh":"伊多墨纽斯立定如被围的野猪","before_en":"Deiphobus brings Aeneas against Idomeneus.","before_zh":"得伊福波斯引埃涅阿斯攻伊多墨纽斯。","after_en":"Idomeneus calls his companions; the duel over Alcathous' body.","after_zh":"伊多墨纽斯召同伴；争夺阿尔卡托奥斯尸身之战。"},
  {"id":"A12","work":"il","book":16,"a":156,"z":166,"cat":"simile","title_en":"The Myrmidons arm like wolves that have killed a stag","title_zh":"密耳弥冬人武装，如刚杀了鹿的群狼","before_en":"Achilles orders the Myrmidons to arm under Patroclus.","before_zh":"阿基琉斯令密耳弥冬人在帕特罗克洛斯麾下武装。","after_en":"The five leaders; Achilles' prayer to Dodonaean Zeus (16.233).","after_zh":"五位将领；阿基琉斯向多多纳的宙斯祈祷（16.233）。"},
  {"id":"A13","work":"il","book":16,"a":259,"z":265,"cat":"simile","title_en":"The Myrmidons pour out like wasps boys have stirred","title_zh":"密耳弥冬人如被孩童惊动的黄蜂涌出","before_en":"Achilles' prayer; Zeus grants half.","before_zh":"阿基琉斯的祈祷；宙斯只允一半。","after_en":"Patroclus' first kills at the ships.","after_zh":"帕特罗克洛斯在船边首战。"},
  {"id":"A14","work":"il","book":17,"a":426,"z":440,"cat":"voice","title_en":"The immortal horses weep for Patroclus","title_zh":"不死的马为帕特罗克洛斯落泪","before_en":"The battle over Patroclus' body; the horses of Achilles have withdrawn from the fight.","before_zh":"围绕帕特罗克洛斯尸身的战斗；阿基琉斯的马已退出。","after_en":"Zeus pities them, breathes strength into them, and they carry Automedon back into the fight.","after_zh":"宙斯怜之，吹入力量，它们载奥托墨冬重返战场。"},
  {"id":"A15","work":"il","book":17,"a":570,"z":573,"cat":"simile","title_en":"Athena gives Menelaus the daring of the fly","title_zh":"雅典娜赋墨涅拉俄斯以苍蝇的胆量","before_en":"Menelaus prays to Athena over Patroclus.","before_zh":"墨涅拉俄斯在帕特罗克洛斯尸旁向雅典娜祈祷。","after_en":"He kills Podes, Hector's friend.","after_zh":"他杀赫克托尔的友人波得斯。"},
  {"id":"A16","work":"il","book":19,"a":404,"z":417,"cat":"voice","title_en":"Xanthus speaks: your death is near, and it is not our fault","title_zh":"克桑托斯开口：你的死期近了，不是我们的过失","before_en":"Achilles, armed, rebukes his horses for leaving Patroclus dead on the field.","before_zh":"阿基琉斯武装后责马把帕特罗克洛斯留在战场。","after_en":"The Erinyes stop the horse's voice; Achilles answers that he knows, and drives on.","after_zh":"厄里倪厄斯止其声；阿基琉斯答以自知，驱车前进。"},
  {"id":"A17","work":"il","book":21,"a":22,"z":26,"cat":"simile","title_en":"Trojans in the river like fish fleeing a dolphin","title_zh":"河中的特洛伊人如逃避海豚的鱼","before_en":"Achilles drives half the Trojans into the Xanthus.","before_zh":"阿基琉斯把半数特洛伊人逐入克桑托斯河。","after_en":"He takes twelve youths alive for Patroclus' pyre and kills Lycaon.","after_zh":"他生擒十二少年以祭帕特罗克洛斯，杀吕卡翁。"},
  {"id":"A18","work":"il","book":22,"a":66,"z":76,"cat":"corpse","title_en":"Priam foresees his own dogs drinking his blood","title_zh":"普里阿摩斯预见自家的狗饮他的血","before_en":"Priam begs Hector from the wall to come inside.","before_zh":"普里阿摩斯在城上恳求赫克托尔入城。","after_en":"Hecuba bares her breast; Hector stays, debating flight or death.","after_zh":"赫卡柏露乳恳求；赫克托尔留下，权衡逃与死。"},
  {"id":"A19","work":"il","book":22,"a":189,"z":193,"cat":"simile","title_en":"Achilles runs Hector down like a hound after a fawn","title_zh":"阿基琉斯追赫克托尔如猎犬追幼鹿","before_en":"Three times round the walls; Zeus weighs the fates.","before_zh":"绕城三周；宙斯称量命运。","after_en":"Apollo's last help; Athena deceives Hector as Deiphobus.","after_zh":"阿波罗最后的助力；雅典娜化作得伊福波斯欺赫克托尔。"},
  {"id":"A20","work":"il","book":22,"a":260,"z":272,"cat":"boundary","title_en":"No oaths between lions and men","title_zh":"狮与人之间没有誓约","before_en":"Hector proposes that the victor return the other's body.","before_zh":"赫克托尔提议胜者归还对方尸身。","after_en":"The spear-throws; Hector's sword and death.","after_zh":"投矛；赫克托尔挥剑与死。"},
  {"id":"A21","work":"il","book":22,"a":335,"z":354,"cat":"corpse","title_en":"Dogs and birds will tear you; Hector's last plea","title_zh":"狗与鸟将撕食你；赫克托尔最后的恳求","before_en":"Achilles' spear finds Hector's throat.","before_zh":"阿基琉斯的矛刺中赫克托尔的喉。","after_en":"Hector dies foretelling Achilles' death; Achilles pierces the heels and drags the body.","after_zh":"赫克托尔预言阿基琉斯之死而亡；阿基琉斯穿其踵拖尸。"},
  {"id":"A22","work":"il","book":23,"a":171,"z":177,"cat":"sacrifice","title_en":"Horses, dogs and twelve Trojans on Patroclus' pyre","title_zh":"帕特罗克洛斯柴堆上的马、狗与十二特洛伊人","before_en":"The pyre is built; Achilles cuts his hair and lays it in Patroclus' hands.","before_zh":"柴堆筑起；阿基琉斯割发置于帕特罗克洛斯手中。","after_en":"The fire will not burn until the winds are summoned.","after_zh":"火不燃，直到召来风。"},
  {"id":"A23","work":"il","book":24,"a":409,"z":415,"cat":"corpse","title_en":"Hermes tells Priam the dogs have not eaten Hector","title_zh":"赫尔墨斯告普里阿摩斯狗未食赫克托尔","before_en":"Hermes, disguised, meets Priam on the plain by night.","before_zh":"赫尔墨斯化装夜遇平原上的普里阿摩斯。","after_en":"He leads Priam through the camp to Achilles.","after_zh":"他领普里阿摩斯穿营至阿基琉斯处。"},
  {"id":"A24","work":"od","book":2,"a":146,"z":156,"cat":"omen","title_en":"Two eagles over the Ithacan assembly","title_zh":"伊萨卡大会上空的双鹰","before_en":"Telemachus, weeping, throws down the sceptre and asks Zeus for requital.","before_zh":"忒勒马科斯掷杖哭泣，求宙斯降报。","after_en":"Halitherses reads the sign: Odysseus is near; Eurymachus mocks him.","after_zh":"哈利忒耳塞斯释兆：奥德修斯将近；欧律马科斯讥之。"},
  {"id":"A25","work":"od","book":4,"a":333,"z":340,"cat":"simile","title_en":"The suitors as fawns laid in a lion's lair","title_zh":"求婚者如放在狮穴里的幼鹿","before_en":"Telemachus tells Menelaus of the suitors devouring his house.","before_zh":"忒勒马科斯告墨涅拉俄斯求婚者吞食其家。","after_en":"Menelaus recalls Odysseus' wrestling at Lesbos and begins the tale of Proteus.","after_zh":"墨涅拉俄斯忆奥德修斯在莱斯博斯角力，转述普罗透斯。"},
  {"id":"A26","work":"od","book":4,"a":404,"z":413,"cat":"household","title_en":"Proteus among his seals","title_zh":"普罗透斯与他的海豹","before_en":"Eidothea explains how to catch her father.","before_zh":"埃多忒亚教如何捉住她的父亲。","after_en":"The ambush under the sealskins; the stench and the ambrosia.","after_zh":"藏于海豹皮下伏击；腥臭与仙膏。"},
  {"id":"A27","work":"od","book":5,"a":432,"z":435,"cat":"simile","title_en":"Skin torn from Odysseus' hands like pebbles from an octopus","title_zh":"奥德修斯手上的皮被撕下，如章鱼吸盘带出的石子","before_en":"He grips the rock; the wave tears him away.","before_zh":"他攀住岩石；浪把他扯开。","after_en":"Athena gives him presence of mind; he swims along the coast to the river-mouth.","after_zh":"雅典娜赐他镇定；他沿岸游至河口。"},
  {"id":"A28","work":"od","book":6,"a":130,"z":136,"cat":"simile","title_en":"Odysseus comes out to the girls like a rain-beaten lion","title_zh":"奥德修斯走向少女们，如淋雨的狮子","before_en":"The ball wakes him; he breaks off a branch to cover himself.","before_zh":"球声惊醒他；他折枝遮身。","after_en":"The maids flee; Nausicaa stands; he deliberates how to address her.","after_zh":"侍女逃散；瑙西卡娅站定；他斟酌如何开口。"},
  {"id":"A29","work":"od","book":9,"a":244,"z":249,"cat":"household","title_en":"The Cyclops milks his ewes and goats and curdles the milk","title_zh":"独眼巨人挤羊奶、凝乳","before_en":"He drives in the flock and blocks the door with the stone.","before_zh":"他赶入羊群，以巨石塞门。","after_en":"He lights the fire, sees the strangers, and asks who they are.","after_zh":"他点火，见到来客，问其身份。"},
  {"id":"A30","work":"od","book":9,"a":444,"z":460,"cat":"voice","title_en":"Polyphemus speaks to his ram","title_zh":"波吕斐摩斯对公羊说话","before_en":"The men escape under the rams; Odysseus clings beneath the largest.","before_zh":"众人藏于羊腹下逃出；奥德修斯攀住最大的公羊。","after_en":"Outside, they drive the flock to the ship; Odysseus taunts the Cyclops.","after_zh":"出洞后把羊赶上船；奥德修斯嘲骂巨人。"},
  {"id":"A31","work":"od","book":10,"a":212,"z":219,"cat":"boundary","title_en":"Wolves and lions fawn like dogs at Circe's door","title_zh":"喀耳刻门前的狼与狮如狗般讨好","before_en":"Eurylochus' party reaches Circe's house in the glade.","before_zh":"欧律洛科斯一行到林间喀耳刻之屋。","after_en":"Circe's song; she invites them in.","after_zh":"喀耳刻歌唱；邀他们进屋。"},
  {"id":"A32","work":"od","book":10,"a":237,"z":243,"cat":"boundary","title_en":"Swine's heads, voice and bristles; the mind unchanged","title_zh":"猪的头、声与鬃；心智未变","before_en":"She seats them and mixes the drugged drink.","before_zh":"她让众人坐下，调制加药的饮料。","after_en":"Eurylochus runs back to the ship; Odysseus goes alone.","after_zh":"欧律洛科斯跑回船；奥德修斯独往。"},
  {"id":"A33","work":"od","book":12,"a":394,"z":396,"cat":"sacrifice","title_en":"The hides crawl, the meat lows on the spits","title_zh":"皮在爬动，肉在烤叉上哞叫","before_en":"The companions have slaughtered the Sun's cattle; Odysseus wakes to the smell.","before_zh":"同伴宰了太阳神的牛；奥德修斯闻味醒来。","after_en":"Six days' feasting; the storm and the thunderbolt.","after_zh":"六日之宴；风暴与雷击。"},
  {"id":"A34","work":"od","book":14,"a":13,"z":32,"cat":"household","title_en":"Eumaeus' sties, his boars, and the dogs that rush the beggar","title_zh":"欧迈俄斯的猪圈、公猪，与扑向乞丐的狗","before_en":"Odysseus walks up from the harbour to the swineherd's steading.","before_zh":"奥德修斯自港上行至牧猪人的牧场。","after_en":"Eumaeus calls off the dogs and speaks of the guest's rights.","after_zh":"欧迈俄斯喝止狗，谈宾客之礼。"},
  {"id":"A35","work":"od","book":15,"a":160,"z":178,"cat":"omen","title_en":"An eagle carries off a white goose from the yard","title_zh":"鹰从院中攫走一只白鹅","before_en":"Telemachus takes leave of Menelaus and Helen.","before_zh":"忒勒马科斯向墨涅拉俄斯与海伦告别。","after_en":"Helen interprets: Odysseus will return and punish the suitors.","after_zh":"海伦释兆：奥德修斯将归，惩求婚者。"},
  {"id":"A36","work":"od","book":15,"a":525,"z":534,"cat":"omen","title_en":"A hawk with a dove flies past Telemachus","title_zh":"鹰擒鸽飞过忒勒马科斯身旁","before_en":"Telemachus tells Theoclymenus to lodge with Eurymachus.","before_zh":"忒勒马科斯让忒奥克吕墨诺斯宿于欧律马科斯家。","after_en":"Theoclymenus reads it: no house in Ithaca is kinglier than his.","after_zh":"忒奥克吕墨诺斯释之：伊萨卡无比他家更具王气者。"},
  {"id":"A37","work":"od","book":17,"a":290,"z":327,"cat":"voice","title_en":"Argus","title_zh":"阿尔戈斯","before_en":"Odysseus and Eumaeus reach the house and hear the lyre.","before_zh":"奥德修斯与欧迈俄斯到宅前，闻琴声。","after_en":"Eumaeus enters; Telemachus feeds the beggar; Athena sends him to beg from the suitors.","after_zh":"欧迈俄斯入内；忒勒马科斯给乞丐食物；雅典娜遣他向求婚者乞食。"},
  {"id":"A38","work":"od","book":19,"a":226,"z":231,"cat":"household","title_en":"The brooch: a hound holding a struggling fawn","title_zh":"胸针：猎犬衔挣扎的幼鹿","before_en":"Penelope asks the beggar to describe Odysseus' clothes.","before_zh":"珀涅罗珀请乞丐描述奥德修斯的衣饰。","after_en":"The tunic like onion-skin; Penelope weeps.","after_zh":"衣如洋葱皮般光滑；珀涅罗珀落泪。"},
  {"id":"A39","work":"od","book":19,"a":428,"z":454,"cat":"household","title_en":"The boar hunt on Parnassus and the scar","title_zh":"帕尔纳索斯山猎野猪与伤疤","before_en":"Eurycleia finds the scar; the narrator turns back to the boy's visit to Autolycus.","before_zh":"欧律克勒亚发现伤疤；叙述回到少年时访奥托吕科斯。","after_en":"The wound is bound and sung over; he returns to Ithaca; Eurycleia drops the foot in the basin.","after_zh":"包扎并以咒歌止血；返伊萨卡；欧律克勒亚失手放脚入盆。"},
  {"id":"A40","work":"od","book":19,"a":518,"z":524,"cat":"simile","title_en":"Penelope as the nightingale mourning Itylus","title_zh":"珀涅罗珀如哀悼伊提洛斯的夜莺","before_en":"Penelope describes her nights of care.","before_zh":"珀涅罗珀述其忧思之夜。","after_en":"Her dilemma: stay with her son or marry the best suitor.","after_zh":"她的两难：守着儿子还是嫁最好的求婚者。"},
  {"id":"A41","work":"od","book":19,"a":535,"z":553,"cat":"omen","title_en":"The dream of the eagle and the twenty geese","title_zh":"鹰与二十只鹅之梦","before_en":"Penelope asks the beggar to interpret a dream.","before_zh":"珀涅罗珀请乞丐解梦。","after_en":"He confirms the eagle's own reading; she answers with the gates of horn and ivory.","after_zh":"他证鹰自释之意；她以角门与象牙门作答。"},
  {"id":"A42","work":"od","book":20,"a":13,"z":16,"cat":"simile","title_en":"Odysseus' heart growls like a bitch over her puppies","title_zh":"奥德修斯的心如护崽的母犬低吼","before_en":"He lies in the porch and sees the maids go to the suitors.","before_zh":"他卧于门廊，见侍女去会求婚者。","after_en":"He rebukes his heart and Athena comes to reassure him.","after_zh":"他斥责自己的心；雅典娜来安抚。"},
  {"id":"A43","work":"od","book":21,"a":404,"z":411,"cat":"simile","title_en":"The bowstring sings like a swallow","title_zh":"弓弦如燕鸣","before_en":"The suitors have failed; Odysseus takes the bow.","before_zh":"求婚者失败；奥德修斯取弓。","after_en":"Zeus thunders; the arrow through the axes.","after_zh":"宙斯鸣雷；箭穿斧列。"},
  {"id":"A44","work":"od","book":22,"a":299,"z":309,"cat":"simile","title_en":"The suitors like cattle under the gadfly, the killers like vultures","title_zh":"求婚者如被牛蝇惊扰的牛，杀戮者如鹫","before_en":"Athena lifts the aegis; the suitors panic.","before_zh":"雅典娜举起埃吉斯；求婚者惊乱。","after_en":"Leodes begs and is killed; Phemius and Medon are spared.","after_zh":"勒奥得斯求饶被杀；斐弥俄斯与墨冬得免。"},
  {"id":"A45","work":"od","book":22,"a":383,"z":389,"cat":"simile","title_en":"The dead suitors like fish poured out on the shore","title_zh":"死去的求婚者如倒在岸上的鱼","before_en":"Odysseus looks over the hall for any survivor.","before_zh":"奥德修斯察看厅中是否有幸存者。","after_en":"He sends for Eurycleia and forbids her cry of triumph.","after_zh":"他召欧律克勒亚，禁其欢呼。"},
  {"id":"A46","work":"od","book":22,"a":465,"z":473,"cat":"simile","title_en":"The hanged women like thrushes or doves in a net","title_zh":"被吊死的女子如网中的画眉或鸽","before_en":"Telemachus refuses the women a clean death.","before_zh":"忒勒马科斯不许女仆干净地死。","after_en":"Melanthius is mutilated; the house is purified with sulphur.","after_zh":"墨兰提俄斯被残害；以硫磺熏净房屋。"},
  {"id":"A47","work":"od","book":24,"a":5,"z":9,"cat":"simile","title_en":"The suitors' souls like bats in a cave","title_zh":"求婚者的魂如洞中的蝙蝠","before_en":"Hermes summons the souls with the golden wand.","before_zh":"赫尔墨斯以金杖召魂。","after_en":"Past the streams of Ocean and the White Rock to the meadow of asphodel.","after_zh":"过大洋之流与白岩至水仙草地。"}
 ],
 "modern": {
  "A03":[{"cite":"G. S. Kirk, The Iliad: A Commentary, vol. I (Cambridge, 1985), on 2.455–483.","quote":"469–73 They are as numerous as they stand in the plain as the races of flies round milk-pails in springtime. 474–7 Their leaders marshal them like goatherds dividing up their flocks. 477–9 Among them is Agamemnon, like Zeus, Ares or Poseidon. 480–3 He stands out like a bull in a flock of cattle – Zeus has made him no less conspicuous. Moulton, Similes 27–33, well observes that the movement is from broad panoramic scenes of nature to detailed pastoral ones.","zh":"Kirk 综述船表前的一组比喻：苍蝇、分群的牧羊人、牛群中的公牛；并引 Moulton 之见，从辽阔自然景推进到牧场细节。"}],
  "A04":[{"cite":"G. S. Kirk, The Iliad: A Commentary, vol. I (Cambridge, 1985), on 3.3–5.","quote":"The simile is closely related to 2.459–65, one of the set introducing the Achaean catalogue. There the birds were geese, cranes or swans in the Asian meadow by the river Kaustrios, settling in front of each other with loud cries […] Here, they are cranes taking off for their migration from the darkness of winter to the streams of Okeanos (which indicates the ends of the earth rather than specifically the south). The common elements are the cranes, their noise […] and more loosely their landing or taking off and their association with rivers.","zh":"两处鹤的比喻相连：一处是亚细亚草地上降落的雁鹤天鹅，一处是飞向大洋之流的迁徙之鹤；共同点是鹤、鸣声、起落与河流。"}],
  "A37":[{"cite":"Emily Wilson, London Review of Books 48.14 (13 August 2026), on Nolan's film.","quote":"My eyes stayed dry, even for Argos the dog – whose adorableness as a puppy is predictably amped up to suit our animal-loving times. If only the human characters had been treated with such serious attention.","zh":"威尔逊：连阿尔戈斯也没让她落泪；影片按当下爱宠时代放大了幼犬的可爱，却没有以同样的认真对待人。"},{"cite":"Ruth Scodel, “Odysseus' Dog and the Productive Household”, Hermes 133.4 (2005), 401–408 (not held; bibliographic record only).","quote":"","zh":"Scodel 把阿尔戈斯的处境读成家户衰败的指标而不是感伤；本站未藏此文，只据书目列出。"}],
  "A34":[{"cite":"Susan Phillippo and Waite (Newcastle), The Conversation, 24 July 2026 (verified in the dossier's briefing).","quote":"","zh":"文章引 Simonides 悼猎犬诗与 Beazley 档案千余件带狗的瓶画，并指出第 14 卷欧迈俄斯的看门狗先扑向奥德修斯：荷马的狗先是牧场的工作动物，其次才是阿尔戈斯。"}],
  "A29":[{"cite":"Jan N. Bremmer, “Greek Normative Animal Sacrifice”, in A Companion to Greek Religion (Oxford, 2007).","quote":"The sacrificial scene in the Odyssey starts with the choice of the animal. Naturally, Nestor sent for a cow, the largest domesticated animal available and the predominant victim in literature and art. […] In Homer the blood is not mentioned, only the bowl (Odyssey 3.444), but in the classical period the blood is prominently present on the altars as many vase-paintings show.","zh":"Bremmer 以 Od. 3 涅斯托尔的献牛为希腊常规牲祭的范例：荷马不写血，只写盛血的碗（3.444）；古典瓶画则突出祭坛上的血。"}],
  "A22":[{"cite":"F. T. van Straten, Hiera Kala: Images of Animal Sacrifice in Archaic and Classical Greece (Leiden, 1995), 35 with n. 70, and n. 98.","quote":"Homer, Odyssey 3, 440–2 [the chernips and the basket of barley] […] In Homer, Odyssey 3, 444, it is called amnion, explained by the scholion ad loc.: sphageion.","zh":"van Straten 以 Od. 3.440–446 为献祭前洗手水、麦粒篓与盛血器（ἄμνιον，注家释为 σφαγεῖον）的最早文献；帕特罗克洛斯柴堆上的马与狗则是史诗里另一种、非常规的杀牲。"}]
 }
}